第8巻 第14章

Greek Κεῖται δὲ Ἀρχαιόπολις ἐπὶ λόφου τινὸς σκληροῦ ἐσάγαν, καὶ ποταμὸς αὐτὴν παραρρεῖ ἐξ ὀρῶν κατιὼν ἅπερ τῆς πόλεως καθύπερθέν ἐστι.

Dewing The city of Archaeopolis is situated on an exceedingly rugged hill, and a river flows by, coming down from the mountains which are above the city.

Greek πύλαι δὲ αὐτῇ αἱ μὲν κάτω εἰσί, φέρουσαι παρὰ τοῦ λόφου τὴν ὑπώρειαν, οὐκ ἀπρόσοδοι μέντοι, ἀλλ’ ὅσον ἄνοδον ἐκ τοῦ πεδίου τινὰ ἐς αὐτὰς οὐχ ὁμαλῆ εἶναι· αἱ δὲ ἄνω ἐς τὸ κρημνῶδες ἐξάγουσαι δυσπρόσοδοι ἐσάγαν εἰσί· χῶροι γὰρ λοχμώδεις πρὸ τούτων τῶν πυλῶν εἰσίν, ἐπὶ πλεῖστον διήκοντες.

Dewing And it has two gates, one of which is below, opening on the base of the hill, but this one is not inaccessible except in so far that the ascent to it from the plain is not smooth; but the upper gate leads out to the steep slope and is extremely difficult to approach; for the ground before this gate is covered with brush which extends to an indefinite distance.

Greek ἐπεί τε ὕδατος ἄλλου τοῖς τῇδε ᾠκημένοις οὐδαμῆ μέτεστι, τείχη δύο ἐνθένδε οἱ τὴν πόλιν δειμάμενοι ἄχρι ἐς τὸν ποταμὸν ἐτεκτήναντο, ὅπως ἂν σφίσιν ἐν τῷ ἀσφαλεῖ τὸ τοῦ ποταμοῦ ὕδωρ ἀρύεσθαι δυνατὰ εἴη. Μερμερόης οὖν παντὶ σθένει τειχομαχεῖν ἐνταῦθα σπουδάζων τε καὶ διατεινόμενος ἐποίει τάδε.

Dewing And since the inhabitants of this city can get no other water, those who built it constructed two walls which extend from the city all the way to the river, in order that it might be possible for them to draw water from it in safety. Mermeroes, consequently, being eager and determined to assault the wall there with his whole strength, did as follows.

Greek πρῶτα μὲν τοῖς Σαβείροις ἐπήγγειλε κριοὺς παμπληθεῖς ἐργάζεσθαι, οἵους ἂν φέρειν ἄνθρωποι ἐπὶ τῶν ὤμων δυνατοὶ εἶεν, ἐπεὶ μηχανὰς μὲν τὰς συνειθισμένας τρόπῳ οὐδενὶ ἐς Ἀρχαιοπόλεως τὸν περίβολον ἐπάγεσθαι εἶχε, κατὰ τὸν τοῦ ὄρους πρόποδα κείμενον, ἠκηκόει δὲ ὅσα τοῖς Ῥωμαίων ἐνσπόνδοις Σαβείροις ἀμφὶ τὸ Πέτρας τεῖχος ἐργασθείη οὐ πολλῷ ἔμπροσθεν, καὶ τοῖς ἐπινενοημένοις ἑπόμενος τὴν ἐκ τῆς πείρας ὠφέλειαν μετῄει. οἱ δὲ τὰ ἐπαγγελλόμενα ἐποίουν.

Dewing He first commanded the Sabiri to a great number of rams, of the sort which men would be able to carry on their shoulders, because he was quite unable to bring up the customary engines to the circuit-wall of Archaeopolis, lying as it did along the lower slopes of the hill; for he had heard what had been achieved by the Sabiri who were allies of the Romans at the wall of Petra not long before, and he sought by following out the method discovered by them to reap the advantage of their experience.

Greek κριούς τε αὐτίκα συχνοὺς ἐτεκτήναντο, ᾗπέρ μοι ἔναγχος Ῥωμαίοις εἰργάσθαι Σαβείρους ἐρρήθη. ἔπειτα δὲ τοὺς μὲν Δολομίτας καλουμένους κατὰ τῆς πόλεως τὰ κρημνώδη στέλλει ἐνοχλεῖν ἐπιστείλας τοὺς ταύτῃ πολεμίους δυνάμει τῇ πάσῃ.

Dewing And they carried out his orders, constructing immediately a large number of rams, such as I have said were recently made for the Romans by the Sabiri. Next he sent the Dolomites, as they are called, to the precipitous parts of the city, directing them to harass the enemy there with all their strength.

Greek οἱ δὲ Δολομῖται οὗτοι βάρβαροι μέν εἰσιν, ᾠκημένοι ἐν Πέρσαις μέσοις, οὐ μὴν κατήκοοι γεγόνασι βασιλέως τοῦ Περσῶν πώποτε.

Dewing These Dolomites are barbarians who live indeed in the middle of Persia, but have never become subject to the king of the Persians.

Greek ἱδρυμένοι γὰρ ἐν ὄρεσιν ἀποτόμοις τε καὶ ὅλως ἀβάτοις αὐτόνομοι ὄντες ἐκ παλαιοῦ διαγεγόνασιν ἐς τόδε τοῦ χρόνου· μισθαρνοῦντες δὲ ἀεὶ συστρατεύουσι Πέρσαις ἐπὶ πολεμίους τοὺς σφετέρους ἰοῦσι.

Dewing For their abode is on sheer mountain-sides which are altogether inaccessible, and so they have continued to be autonomous from ancient times down to the present day; but they always march with the Persians as mercenaries when they go against their enemies.

Greek καὶ πεζοὶ μέν εἰσιν ἅπαντες, ξίφος τε καὶ ἀσπίδα φέρων ἕκαστος καὶ ἀκόντια ἐν ταῖς χερσὶ τρία.

Dewing And they are all foot-soldiers, each man carrying a sword and shield and three javelins inhabits hand.

Greek θεῖν δὲ λίαν ἔν τε τοῖς κρημνοῖς καὶ τῶν ὀρῶν ταῖς ὑπερβολαῖς ἐξεπίστανται, ὥσπερ ἐν πεδίῳ ὑπτίῳ.

Dewing But they shew extraordinary nimbleness in running over cliffs and peaks of mountains, just as on a level plain.

Greek καὶ διὰ τοῦτο Μερμερόης αὐτοὺς τῇδε τειχομαχεῖν ἔταξεν, αὐτὸς δὲ παντὶ τῷ ἄλλῳ στρατῷ ἐπὶ πύλας τὰς κάτω τούς τε κριοὺς καὶ τοὺς ἐλέφαντας ἐπαγόμενος ᾔει.

Dewing For this reason Mermeroes assigned them to attack the wall there, while he with the rest of the army went against the lower gate, bringing up the rams and the elephants.

Greek οἱ μὲν οὖν Πέρσαι ξὺν τοῖς Σαβείροις ἐς τὸ τεῖχος συχνὰ βάλλοντες, τοῖς τε τοξεύμασι καλύψαντες τὸν ταύτῃ ἀέρα, οὐ μακράν που ἐγένοντο ἀναγκάσαι τοὺς ἐνταῦθα Ῥωμαίους ἐκλιπεῖν τὰς ἐπάλξεις.

Dewing So then the Persians and Sabiri together, by shooting rapidly at the wall so that they filled the air round about it with their arrows, came not far from compelling the Romans there to abandon the parapet.

Greek οἱ δὲ Δολομῖται τὰ δοράτια ἐκ τῶν κρημνῶν ἐκτὸς τοῦ περιβόλου ἐσακοντίζοντες πολλῷ ἔτι μᾶλλον τοὺς κατ’ αὐτοὺς πολεμίους ἐλύπουν.

Dewing And the Dolomites, hurling in their javelins from the crags outside the circuit-wall, were inflicting still more harm upon the Romans fa­cing them.

Greek πανταχόθι τε Ῥωμαίοις τὰ πράγματα πονηρά τε καὶ κινδύνων ἔμπλεα ἐγεγόνει, ἔσχατα ἐσχάτων κακὰ πάσχουσι.

Dewing On every side, indeed, the situation of the Romans had become bad and full of danger, for they were in an extremely evil plight.

Greek Τότε δὴ Ὀδόναχός τε καὶ Βάβας, εἴτε ἀρετὴν ἐνδεικνύμενοι εἴτε τῶν στρατιωτῶν ἀποπειρᾶσθαι βουλόμενοι, ἢ καί τι αὐτοὺς θεῖον ἐκίνησεν, εἴασαν μὲν τῶν στρατιωτῶν ὀλίγους τινάς, οἷς δὴ ἐπέστελλον ἀπὸ τῶν ἐπάλξεων τοὺς τειχομαχοῦντας ἀμύνασθαι, τοὺς πλείστους δὲ ξυγκαλέσαντες βραχεῖάν τινα παρακέλευσιν ἐποιήσαντο καὶ ἔλεξαν τάδε· “Τὸν μὲν παρόντα κίνδυνον, ἄνδρες συστρατιῶται, καὶ τὴν περιλαβοῦσαν ἡμᾶς ἀνάγκην ὁρᾶτε.

Dewing At that point Odonachus and Babas, either as making a display of valour or studying to test the soldiers, or it may even be that some divine influence moved them, left only a few of the soldiers where they were, directing them to ward off the assailants of the wall from the parapet, and meanwhile called together the greater part of them and made a short exhortation, speaking as follows. "Fellow-soldiers, you perceive the danger which is upon us and the necessity in which we are involved.

Greek δεῖ δὲ ἡμᾶς τούτοις δὴ τοῖς κακοῖς ὡς ἥκιστα εἴκειν. τοὺς γὰρ εἰς ἀπόγνωσιν σωτηρίας ἐλθόντας τοῦτο ἂν διασώσασθαι δύναιτο μόνον, τὸ μὴ τῆς σωτηρίας ἐφίεσθαι· ἐπεὶ τῷ φιλοψύχῳ τὸ διαφθείρεσθαι ἐκ τοῦ ἐπὶ πλεῖστον ἕπεσθαι πέφυκε.

Dewing But it is incumbent upon us not to yield in the least to these evils. For those who come into a situation where safety is despaired of could be saved only by not courting safety; for a fondness for life is wont in most cases to be followed by destruction.

Greek καὶ τόδε δὲ ὑμᾶς ἐννοεῖν ἐν τοῖς παροῦσι δεινοῖς δεήσει, ὡς ἐκ τῶν ἐπάλξεων τῶνδε ἀμυνομένοις τοὺς πολεμίους οὐκ ἐν βεβαίῳ τὰ τῆς σωτηρίας ἡμῖν κείσεται, ἢν καὶ τὴν ἀγωνίαν ὡς προθυμότατα διενέγκωμεν.

Dewing And you will be obliged to consider this fact also in our present stress, that by simply warding off the enemy from this parapet your safety will by no means be firmly established, even though we carry forward the struggle with the greatest zeal.

Greek μάχη γὰρ ἐκ διεστηκότων ξυνισταμένη ἀνδραγαθίζεσθαι οὐδενὶ ξυγχωρεῖ, ἀλλ’ ἐς τὸ τῆς τύχης ὡς τὰ πολλὰ περιίσταται κράτος.

Dewing For a battle which is waged between armies standing apart gives no one opportunity to shew himself a brave man, but the issue as a general thing is determined by chance.

Greek ἢν μέντοι ἡ ξυμβολὴ ξυσταδὸν γένηται, τά τε τῆς προθυμίας ἐκ τοῦ ἐπὶ πλεῖστον κρατήσει καὶ μετὰ τῆς ἀνδρίας ἡ νίκη χωρήσει.

Dewing If, however, the conflict becomes a hand-to‑hand struggle, enthusiasm will in most cases prevail and victory will appear where valour lies.

Greek ἄνευ δὲ τούτων εὐημερήσαντες μὲν ἐν τῇ ξυμβολῇ οἱ ἀπὸ τοῦ περιβόλου μαχόμενοι οὐδὲν ἄν τι τῆς εὐημερίας ἀπόναιντο μέγα, ἐπεὶ ἐν μὲν τῷ παραυτίκα τοὺς πολεμίους σφίσιν ἀπεῶσθαι ξυμβαίνει, ἐς δὲ τὴν ὑστεραίαν ὁ κίνδυνος αὖθις ἐν ἀκμῇ γίνεται, καὶ κατὰ μικρὸν δὲ σφαλέντες αὐτοῖς, ὡς τὸ εἰκός,

Dewing And apart from this, even in the case of success in the conflict, men fighting from the wall would reap no great benefit from this success, because, while they have for the moment succeeded in repulsing the enemy, the danger will again be acute of the navy morrow, and, on the other hand, if they fail even by a little, they are naturally destroyed along with their defences.

Greek συνδιαφθείρονται τοῖς ὀχυρώμασιν. ἐκ χειρὸς δὲ τοὺς ἐναντίους νενικηκότες ἐν τῷ ἀσφαλεῖ τὴν σωτηρίαν τὸ λοιπὸν ἕξουσιν. ὧν ἐνθυμηθέντες ἴωμεν ἐπὶ τοὺς πολεμίους προθυμίᾳ τῇ πάσῃ, τὴν ἄνωθεν ἐπικουρίαν ἐπαγαγόμενοι, εὐέλπιδές τε τῇ προσπεσούσῃ τανῦν ἀπογνώσει γεγενημένοι.

Dewing But once having conquered their opponents in hand-to‑hand combat they will thereafter have their safety assured. Let us then with these thoughts in mind advance against the enemy with all zeal, calling to our aid the assistance from above, and with our hopes raised high by that desperate situation which has now fallen to us.

Greek τοὺς γὰρ ἐλπίδα σωτηρίας τινὸς ἐν σφίσιν αὐτοῖς οὐδαμῆ ἔχοντας τὸ θεῖον ἀεὶ διασώζεσθαι μάλιστα εἴωθε.”

Dewing For God is ever wont to save those men above all others who find no hope of safety in themselves."

Greek Τοσαῦτα Ὀδόναχός τε καὶ Βάβας παρακελευσάμενοι τάς τε πύλας ἀνέῳγον καὶ τὸ στράτευμα δρόμῳ ἐξῆγον, ὀλίγων ἀπολελειμμένων ἐνταῦθά τινων ἐξ αἰτίας τοιᾶσδε.

Dewing After Odonachus and Babas had thus encouraged the soldiers, they opened the gates and led the army forth on the run. leaving a few men behind for the following reason.

Greek τῶν τις Λαζῶν τῇ προτεραίᾳ, λόγιμος μὲν ὢν ἐν τούτῳ τῷ ἔθνει, ἐν Ἀρχαιοπόλει δὲ ᾠκημένος, ἔπρασσε πρὸς Μερμερόην ἐπὶ τῇ πατρίδι προδοσίας πέρι.

Dewing One of the Lazi, who was a man of note in this nation, an inhabitant of Archaeopolis, had on the previous day negotiated with Mermeroes for the betrayal of his native land.

Greek ὁ δέ οἱ ἄλλο οὐδὲν ἐπήγγελλε χαρίζεσθαι Πέρσαις, πλήν γε δὴ ὅπως, ἡνίκα ἐς τειχομαχίαν καθιστῶνται, τὰ οἰκία ἐμπρήσῃ λάθρα, ἔνθα ὅ τε σῖτος καὶ τὰ λοιπὰ τῶν ἐπιτηδείων ἀπέκειτο.

Dewing Now Mermeroes had sent word to him to render the Persians only this service, that, whenever they began the assault on the wall, he should secretly set fire to the buildings where the grain and the rest of the provisions were stored.

Greek ἐπέστελλε δὲ ταῦτα, δυοῖν γενήσεσθαι τὸ ἕτερον λογισάμενος· ἢ γὰρ Ῥωμαίους περὶ τὸ πῦρ τοῦτο σπουδάζοντάς τε καὶ διατριβὴν ποιουμένους ἐνδώσειν σφίσι κατ’ ἐξουσίαν ἐπιβατεύειν τοῦ περιβόλου, ἢ τειχομαχοῦντας ἀποκρούεσθαι βουλομένους Πέρσας ταῦτα δὴ τὰ οἰκία ἐν ὀλιγωρίᾳ ποιήσεσθαι·

Dewing And he directed him to do this, reasoning that one of two things would happen, either that the Romans being concerned about this fire and devoting their attention to it would give his men opportunity to scale the circuit-wall unmolested, or that in their eagerness to repulse the Persians storming the wall they would pay no attention to these buildings;

Greek καιομένων δὲ τῷ τρόπῳ τούτῳ τοῦ τε σίτου καὶ τῶν ἄλλων ἐπιτηδείων πόνῳ σφᾶς οὐδενὶ πολιορκίᾳ ἐν χρόνῳ ὀλίγῳ Ἀρχαιόπολιν ἐξαιρήσειν.

Dewing and if in this way the grain and other provisions were burned, he would with no difficulty capture Archaeopolis in a short time.

Greek τοιαύτῃ μὲν γνώμῃ ὁ Μερμερόης τούτῳ δὴ τῷ Λαζῷ ταῦτα ἐπέστελλεν· ὁ δέ οἱ τὴν ἐπίταξιν ὡμολόγει ἐπιτελῆ δράσειν, ἡνίκα τὴν τειχομαχίαν ἀκμάζουσαν ἴδῃ, πῦρ ὡς λαθραιότατα τοῖς δωματίοις τούτοις ἐνάψας.

Dewing With such purpose did Mermeroes give these instructions to this Laz; and he, for his part, agreed to carry out the order when he saw the storming of the wall at its height, by setting fire as secretly as possible to these buildings.

Greek αἰρομένην δὲ τὴν φλόγα ἐξαπιναίως Ῥωμαῖοι ἰδόντες ὀλίγοι μέν τινες ἐβοήθουν ἐνταῦθα, καὶ πόνῳ πολλῷ τὸ πῦρ ἔσβεσαν ἀμηγέπη λυμηνάμενον, οἱ δὲ λοιποὶ ἅπαντες, ὥσπερ ἐρρήθη, ἐπὶ τοὺς πολεμίους ἐχώρησαν.

Dewing And when the Romans saw the flames rising suddenly, some few of them went to the rescue and with great difficulty quenched the fire, which had done a certain amount of damage, but all the rest, as stated, went forth against the enemy.

Greek Ἐμπεσόντες δὲ αὐτοῖς ἐκ τοῦ αἰφνιδίου καὶ τῷ ἀπροσδοκήτῳ ἐκπλήξαντες πολλοὺς ἔκτεινον, οὔτε ἀμυνομένους οὔτε χεῖρας αὐτοῖς ἀνταίρειν τολμῶντας.

Dewing This force, by falling upon them suddenly and terrifying them by the unexpectedness of their attack, slew many, for the Persians offered no resistance; indeed they did not even dare raise a hand against them.

Greek Πέρσαι γὰρ ὀλίγους κομιδῆ τοὺς πολεμίους ὄντας ἐπεξιέναι σφίσιν ἐν ἐλπίδι οὐδεμιᾷ ἔχοντες ἀλλήλων διεστηκότες ὡς ἐς τειχομαχίαν ἐτετάχατο ξὺν ἀκοσμίᾳ.

Dewing This was because the Persians, having no expectation that their enemy, who were few in number, would make a sally against them, had taken up positions apart from one another with a view to storming the wall and so were not in battle array.

Greek καὶ οἱ μὲν ἐπὶ τῶν ὤμων τοὺς κριοὺς φέροντες ἄνοπλοί τε καὶ τὰ ἐς μάχην ἀπαράσκευοι, ὡς τὸ εἰκός, ἦσαν, οἱ δὲ δὴ ἄλλοι τὰ τόξα ἐντεταμένα ἐν χερσὶν ἔχοντες συσταδὸν ἐγκειμένους τοὺς πολεμίους ἀμύνεσθαι μηχανῇ οὐδεμιᾷ εἶχον.

Dewing And those who were carrying the rams upon their shoulders were quite naturally both unarmed and unprepared for battle, while the others, with only strung bows in their hands, were entirely unable to ward off an enemy pressing upon them in close array.

Greek οὕτω δὴ κόπτοντες Ῥωμαῖοι ἐπιστροφάδην αὐτοὺς διεχρῶντο. ξυνέβη δὲ τότε καὶ τῶν ἐλεφάντων ἕνα πληγέντα, ὡς ἔνιοί φασιν, ἢ ἀπὸ ταὐτομάτου ξυνταραχθέντα, περιστρέφεσθαί τε οὐδενὶ κόσμῳ καὶ ἀναχαιτίζειν, καὶ τοὺς μὲν ἐπιβάτας ῥίπτειν, τῶν δὲ δὴ ἄλλων τὴν τάξιν ἐκλύειν.

Dewing Thus the Romans, slashing and turning from side to side, kept destroying them. At that moment also it so happened that one of the elephants, because he was wounded, some say, or simply because he became excited, wheeled round out of control and reared up,

Greek καὶ ἀπ’ αὐτοῦ οἱ μὲν βάρβαροι ἀνεπόδιζον, Ῥωμαῖοι δὲ ἀδεέστερον τοὺς ἐν ποσὶν ἀεὶ διεχρῶντο.

Dewing thus throwing his riders and breaking up the lines of the others. As a result of this the barbarians began to retreat, while the Romans continued without fear to destroy those who from time to time fell in their way.

Greek θαυμάσειε δ’ ἄν τις ἐνταῦθα δικαίως, εἰ Ῥωμαῖοι μέν, ἐξεπιστάμενοι καθ’ ὅ τι χρὴ ἀποκρούσασθαι τῶν πολεμίων τὴν διὰ τῶν ἐλεφάντων ἐπίθεσιν, τῶν δεόντων οὐδὲν ἔδρασαν, τοῖς παροῦσι δηλονότι ξυνταραχθέντες, ἀπὸ ταὐτομάτου δὲ τὸ τοιοῦτον σφίσι ξυνηνέχθη γενέσθαι. ὅ τι δὲ τοῦτό ἐστιν, αὐτίκα δηλώσω.

Dewing And one might wonder at this point that the Romans, though knowing well by what means they ought to repel a hostile attack by elephants, did none of the necessary things, being obviously confused by the situation, and yet this result was achieved without effort on their part. And what this is I shall now make clear.

Greek Ἡνίκα Χοσρόης τε καὶ ὁ Μήδων στρατὸς ἐτειχομάχουν ἀμφὶ τὸν Ἐδέσσης περίβολον, τῶν τις ἐλεφάντων, ἐπιβεβηκότος οἱ ὁμίλου πολλοῦ τῶν ἐν Πέρσαις μαχιμωτάτων, ἀγχοῦ τοῦ περιβόλου γενόμενος ἐπίδοξος ἦν ὅτι δὴ δι’ ὀλίγου βιασάμενος τοὺς ἀπὸ τοῦ ἐκείνῃ πύργου ἀμυνομένους ἅτε κατὰ κορυφὴν συχνὰ βαλλομένους τὴν πόλιν αἱρήσει.

Dewing When Chosroes and the Medic army were storming the fortifications of Edessa, one of the elephants, mounted by a great number of the most warlike men among the Persians, came close to the circuit-wall and made it seem that in a short space he would overpower the men defending the tower at that point, seeing they were exposed to missiles falling thickly from above, and would thus take the city.

Greek ἐδόκει γάρ τις μηχανὴ τὸ τοιοῦτον ἑλέπολις εἶναι. ἀλλὰ Ῥωμαῖοι χοῖρον ἐκ τοῦ πύργου ἐπικρεμάσαντες τὸν κίνδυνον τοῦτον διέφυγον.

Dewing For it seemed that this was, in fact, an engine for the capture of cities. The Romans, however, by suspending a pig from the tower escaped this peril.

Greek κραυγμὸν γάρ τινα, ὤν, ὡς τὸ εἰκός, ἠρτημένος, ὁ χοῖρος ἐνθένδε ἠφίει, ὅνπερ ὁ ἐλέφας ἀχθόμενος ἀνεχαίτιζε καὶ κατὰ βραχὺ ἀναποδίζων ὀπίσω ἐχώρει. ἐκεῖνο μὲν οὖν ταύτῃ ἐχώρησε.

Dewing For as the pig was hanging there, he very naturally gave vent to sundry squeals, and this angered the elephant so that he got out of control and stepping back little by little, moved off to the rear. Such was the outcome of that situation.

Greek νῦν δὲ τὸ παρειμένον τῇ Ῥωμαίων ὀλιγωρίᾳ ἡ τύχη ἐπλήρου. ἀλλ’ ἐπειδὴ Ἐδέσσης ἐμνήσθην, οὐ σιωπήσομαι τὸ ἐκείνῃ τέρας πρὸ τοῦδε τοῦ πολέμου ξυνενεχθέν.

Dewing But in the present case the omission due to the thoughtlessness of the Romans was made good by chance. But now that I have mentioned Edessa, I shall not be silent as to portent which appeared there before this present war.

Greek ἡνίκα γὰρ ὁ Χοσρόης λύειν ἔμελλε τὰς ἀπεράντους καλουμένας σπονδάς, γυνή τις ἐν πόλει βρέφος ἐκύει τὰ μὲν ἄλλα ἐπιεικῶς ἀνθρωπόμορφον, δύο δέ τοι κεφαλὰς ἔχον. ὃ δὴ τοῖς ἀποβεβηκόσι φανερὸν γέγονεν.

Dewing When Chosroes was about to break the so‑called endless peace, a certain woman in the city gave birth to an infant which in other respects was a normally formed human being, but had two heads. And the meaning of this was made clear by the events which followed;

Greek Ἔδεσσά τε γὰρ καὶ ἡ ἑῴα σχεδόν τι πᾶσα καὶ πρὸς βορρᾶν ἄνεμον ἡ πολλὴ Ῥωμαίων ἀρχὴ βασιλεῦσι περιμάχητος δυοῖν γέγονε. ταῦτα μὲν οὖν τῇδε ξυνέπεσεν. ἐγὼ δὲ ὅθενπερ ἐξέβην ἐπάνειμι.

Dewing for both Edessa and the Roman empire to the north came to be fought for by two sovereigns. Thus did these things happen. But I shall return to the point from which I strayed.

Greek Τῆς δὲ ταραχῆς οὕτως ἐπιπεσούσης τῷ Μήδων στρατῷ, ὅσοι δὴ αὐτῶν ὄπισθεν ἐτετάχατο, τὴν μὲν ταραχὴν τῶν ἔμπροσθεν ὄντων θεώμενοι, τὸ δὲ ξυμβεβηκὸς οὐδαμῆ πεπυσμένοι, κατωρρώδησαν, ἔς τε ὑπαγωγὴν ξὺν πολλῇ ἀκοσμίᾳ ἐτράποντο.

Dewing When confusion thus fell upon the Medic army, those stationed in the rear, seeing the confusion of those before them, but having no real knowledge of what had happened, became panic-stricken and turned to retreat in great disorder.

Greek ταὐτὸ δὲ τοῦτο καὶ οἱ Δολομῖται παθόντες ʽἐξ ὑπερδεξίων γὰρ μαχόμενοι τὰ ποιούμενα πάντα ἑώρων’ αἰσχράν τινα φυγὴν ἔφευγον, ἥ τε τροπὴ λαμπρὰ ἐγεγόνει.

Dewing And the Dolomites also experienced a like panic (for they were fighting from the higher positions and could see everything which transpired), and they too began to flee in a disgraceful manner, so that the rout became decisive.

Greek καὶ τετρακισχίλιοι μὲν τῶν βαρβάρων αὐτοῦ ἔπεσον, ἐν τοῖς καὶ τῶν ἀρχόντων τρεῖς τετύχηκεν εἶναι, τέσσαρα δὲ τῶν Περσικῶν σημείων Ῥωμαῖοι εἷλον, ἅπερ εὐθὺς ἐς Βυζάντιον βασιλεῖ ἔπεμψαν.

Dewing Four thousand of the barbarians fell there, among whom, as it happened, were three of the commanders, and the Romans captured four of the Persian standards, which they immediately sent to Byzantium for the emperor.

Greek ἵππους δέ φασιν αὐτῶν οὐχ ἥσσους ἢ ἐς δισμυρίους ἀπολωλέναι, οὐ βληθέντας οὐδὲ πληγέντας πρὸς τῶν πολεμίων, ἀλλὰ μακρὰν μὲν ὁδὸν πορευθέντας, κόπῳ δὲ ὡμιληκότας ἐν ταύτῃ πολλῷ, τροφῶν δέ, ἐπεὶ ἐν Λαζικῇ ἐγένοντο, ὡς ἥκιστα ἐς κόρον ἐλθόντας, οὕτω τε λιμῷ καὶ ἀσθενείᾳ πιεζομένους πολλῇ διεφθάρθαι.

Dewing They say, moreover, that not less than twenty thousand of their horses perished, not from wounds inflicted by their enemy's missiles or swords, but because in travelling a great distance they had become utterly exhausted and then had found no sufficiency fodder since the time they had come into Lazica; and so, they say, under the stress of both starvation and weakness they succumbed.

Greek Ταύτης δὲ τῆς πείρας ὁ Μερμερόης ἀποτυχὼν παντὶ τῷ στρατῷ ἐς Μοχήρησιν ἀπεχώρησεν, ἐπεὶ καὶ Ἀρχαιοπόλεως ἀποτυχόντες, Λαζικῆς τῆς ἄλλης τὴν ἐπικράτησιν ἐκ τοῦ ἐπὶ πλεῖστον οἱ Πέρσαι εἶχον.

Dewing Having thus failed in this attempt, Mermeroes withdrew with his whole army to Mocheresis; for, even though they had failed of getting Archaeopolis, the Persians still held the mastery of the greater part of the rest of Lazica.

Greek Ἀρχαιοπόλεως δὲ ἡ Μοχήρησις ἡμέρας μιᾶς ὁδῷ ἀπέχει, πολλὰς καὶ πολυανθρώπους κώμας ἔχουσα—καὶ γῆς τῆς Κολχίδος αὕτη μάλιστα ἡ ἀρίστη ἐστίν· ἐπεὶ καὶ οἶνος ἐνταῦθα καὶ οἱ ἄλλοι καρποὶ ἀγαθοὶ φύονται, καίτοι τά γε ἄλλα τῆς Λαζικῆς οὐ ταύτῃ ἔχει.

Dewing Now Mocheresis is one day's journey distant from Archaeopolis, a district which includes many populous villages. And this is really the best land in Colchis; for both wine and the other good things are produced there, though the rest of Lazica, to be sure, is not of such a sort.

Greek ταύτην παραρρεῖ τὴν χώραν ποταμός, Ῥέων ὄνομα, οὗ δὴ καὶ φρούριον ᾠκοδομήσαντο ἐκ παλαιοῦ Κόλχοι, οὗπερ ὕστερον αὐτοὶ τὸ πλεῖστον ἐς ἔδαφος καθεῖλον, ἐπεὶ ἐν πεδίῳ κείμενον ἐσάγαν ὑπτίῳ εὐέφοδον σφίσιν ἔδοξεν εἶναι.

Dewing Along by this district flows a river called Rheon, and on it the Colchians in ancient times built a fortress, but in later times they themselves razed the greater part of it to the ground, because, lying as it did in a very flat plain, it seemed to them easy of access.

Greek Κοτιάϊον δὲ τότε τὸ φρούριον ὠνομάζετο τῇ Ἑλλήνων φωνῇ, νῦν μέντοι Κόταϊς αὐτὸ καλοῦσι Λαζοὶ τῇ τῆς φωνῆς ἀγνοίᾳ τὴν τοῦ ὀνόματος διαφθείροντες ἁρμονίαν. ταῦτα μὲν Ἀριανὸς οὕτως ἱστόρησεν.

Dewing In those times the fortresses was named Cotiaion in the Greek language, but now the Lazi call it Cotais,⁠ having corrupted the true sound of the name because of their ignorance of the language. Such is the account given by Arrian.⁠

Greek ἕτεροι δέ φασι πόλιν τε γεγονέναι ἐν τοῖς ἄνω χρόνοις τὸ χωρίον καὶ Κοίταιον καλεῖσθαι· ἔνθεν τε τὸν Αἰήτην ὡρμῆσθαι, καὶ ἀπ’ αὐτοῦ τοὺς ποιητὰς αὐτόν τε Κοιταϊέα καὶ γῆν τὴν Κολχίδα Κοιταΐδα καλεῖν.

Dewing But others say that the place was a city in ancient times and was called Coetaeon; and that Aeetes was born there, and as a result of this the poets both called him a Coetaean and applied the same name to the land of Colchis.

Greek Τοῦτο Μερμερόης τανῦν ἀνοικοδομήσασθαι ἐν σπουδῇ ἔχων, ἐπεὶ οὐδεμίαν παρασκευὴν τοῦ ἔργου εἶχεν, ἅμα δὲ καὶ ὁ χειμὼν ἤδη ἐνέκειτο, ξύλινα τοῦ φρουρίου ὅσα καταπεπτώκει ὡς τάχιστα ποιησάμενος αὐτοῦ ἔμενε.

Dewing This place Mermeroes was now eager to rebuild, but, since he had no equipment for the task, and because at the same time the winter was already setting in, he replaced with wood as quickly apostle such parts of the fortress as had fallen down and remained there.

Greek τοῦ δὲ Κόταϊς ἄγχιστα φρούριον ἐχυρώτατόν ἐστιν, Οὐθιμέρεος ὄνομα· ἐν ᾧ δὴ φυλακτήριον ἐς τὸ ἀκριβὲς οἱ Λαζοὶ εἶχον.

Dewing But very close to Cotais is an exceedingly strong fortress, Uthimereos by name; in this the Lazi were maintaining strict guard.

Greek μετεῖχον δὲ σφίσι τῆς τοῦ φρουρίου φυλακῆς καὶ Ῥωμαῖοι στρατιῶται ὀλίγοι τινές.

Dewing And a small number of Roman soldiers also were shading with them the defence of the fortress.

Greek ὁ μὲν οὖν Μερμερόης τῷ παντὶ στρατῷ ἐνταῦθα καθῆστο, γῆς τε τῆς Κολχίδος τὰ κάλλιστα ἔχων, ἐμπόδιός τε τοῖς ἐναντίοις γινόμενος ἐς τὸ Οὐθιμέρεος φρούριον τῶν ἐπιτηδείων τι ἐσκομίζεσθαι, ἢ ἐς χώραν τήν τε Σουανίαν καὶ τὴν Σκυμνίαν καλουμένην ἰέναι,

Dewing So Mermeroes settled there with his whole army, holding the fairest part of the land of Colchis, and preventing his opponents from carrying any provisions into the fortress of Uthimereos, or from going into the district of Suania and Scymnia, as it is called, though this was subject to them.

Greek καίπερ σφίσιν αὐτῆς κατηκόου οὔσης. πολεμίων γὰρ ἐν Μοχηρήσιδι ὄντων, Λαζοῖς τε καὶ Ῥωμαίοις ὁδοῦ ἀποκεκλεῖσθαι τῆς εἰς τὰ ταύτῃ χωρία ξυμβαίνει. τὰ μὲν οὖν στρατόπεδα ἐπὶ Λαζικῆς ἐφέρετο τῇδε.

Dewing For when an enemy is in Mocheresis, the road into this region is thereby cut off for both Lazi and Romans. Thus were the armies engaged in Lazica. The Loeb Editor's Notes: 1 Book II.xxx.4. ❦ 2 Persarmenia was the portion of Armenia subject to Persia. ❦ 3 Chap. iii.21. ❦ 4 "Rugged." ❦ 5 A military title equivalent to "General." ❦ 6 i.e. the Lazi; cf. chap. i.10. ❦ 7 Book II.xxviii.10. ❦ 8 Book I.xi.4. ❦ 9 Cf. Book II.xxviii.41. ❦ 10 Cf. Book II.i.3‑7. ❦ 11 Book II.xxix.36. ❦ 12 Bitumen and naphtha were Persian products. ❦ 13 He had previously won distinction in the defence of Rome under Belisarius. See Book V. ❦ 14 Book VII.xx. ❦ 15 Book I.xxii.18. ❦ 16 Probably Cytaea, modern Cutais. ❦ 17 This statement is not found in the extant works of Arrian. ◂ previous next ▸ Images with borders lead to more information. The thicker the border, the more information. (Details here.) UP TO: Wars Ancient Military History Military History Home Procopius Greek & Latin Texts LacusCurtius A page or image on this site is in the public domain ONLY if its URL has a total of one *asterisk. If the URL has two **asterisks, the item is copyright someone else, and used by permission or fair use. If the URL has none the item is © Bill Thayer. See my copyright page for details and contact information. Page updated: 14 Sep 20 Accessibility