第7巻 第8章

Greek Ἐπειδὴ δὲ Νεάπολιν Τουτίλας εἷλε, φιλανθρωπίαν ἐς τοὺς ἡλωκότας ἐπεδείξατο οὔτε πολεμίῳ οὔτε βαρβάρῳ ἀνδρὶ πρέπουσαν.

Dewing Now when Totila captured Naples, he made a display of kindness to his captives which was to be expected neither from an enemy nor from a barbarian.

Greek τοὺς μὲν γὰρ Ῥωμαίους λιμῷ νενοσηκότας λαβών, οἷς δὴ ὑπ’ αὐτοῦ καὶ ἡ τοῦ σώματος ἰσχὺς ὀπίσω ἤδη ἐκεχωρήκει, δείσας μὴ βρώσεως ἐκ τοῦ αἰφνιδίου ἐς κόρον ἐλθόντες, ὡς τὸ εἰκός,

Dewing For finding sickness prevalent among the Romans owing to famine — and indeed their bodily strength had already been reduced by it — he feared lest, if they suddenly sated themselves with food, they would in all probability choke to death, and so he devised the following plan.

Greek ἀποπνιγεῖεν, ἐπενόει τάδε. φυλακὰς ἔν τε τῷ λιμένι καὶ ταῖς πύλαις καταστησάμενος ἐκέλευε μηδένα πη ἐνθένδε ἰέναι.

Dewing Stationing guards both at the harbour and at the gates, he gave orders that no one should go away from the city.

Greek αὐτὸς δὲ ἅπασι μικρολογίᾳ τινὶ προμηθεῖ ἐνδεεστέρως ἢ κατὰ τὴν ἐπιθυμίαν τὰ σιτία παρείχετο, προσεπιβάλλων ἡμέρᾳ ἑκάστῃ τοσοῦτον τοῦ μέτρου ὅσον οὐ δοκεῖν αἴσθησίν τινα τῶν ἐντιθεμένων ἐς ἀεὶ γίγνεσθαι.

Dewing Then he himself, with a sort of provident parsimony, proceeded to issue food more sparingly than they desired it, adding each day only so much to the quantity that the increase from day to day seemed not to be noticed at all.

Greek οὕτω τε αὐτοῖς ἐπιρρώσας τὴν δύναμιν καὶ τὰς πύλας ἀναπετάσας ἕκαστον ὅπη βούλοιτο ἀφῆκεν ἰέναι.

Dewing And only after having thus built up their strength did he open the gates and allow each man to go wherever he wished.

Greek Κόνωνα δὲ καὶ τοὺς ξὺν αὐτῷ στρατιώτας, ὅσους δὴ αὐτοῦ μένειν ἥκιστα ἤρεσκεν, ἐς ναῦς ἐμβιβάσας πλεῖν κατ’ ἐξουσίαν ἐκέλευε. καὶ οἱ μὲν αἰσχύνην σφίσι φέρειν οἰόμενοι τὴν ἐς Βυζάντιον ἀναχώρησιν, πλεῖν κατὰ τάχος ἐπὶ Ῥώμης διενοοῦντο.

Dewing As for Conon and the soldiers under his command, as many as were by no means satisfied to remain there he embarked on ships and bade them sail wherever they chose. And thinking that the return to Byzantium would bring disgrace upon them, they were purposing to sail with all speed for Rome.

Greek τοῦ δὲ ἀνέμου σφίσιν ἀντιστατοῦντος ἀπαίρειν ἐνθένδε οὐδαμῆ ἔχοντες διηποροῦντο, δεδιότες μή τι Τουτίλαν τῶν ὡμολογημένων ὀλιγωρεῖν διὰ τὸ κεκρατηκέναι ξυμβαίη, καὶ κακόν τι μέγα πρὸς αὐτοῦ λάβωσιν.

Dewing But since the wind stood against them and they were consequently quite unable to put out from the harbour, they were in great perplexity, fearing lest Totila, seeing he had been victorious, should decide to disregard his agreement in some measure, and they should suffer some great harm at his hand.

Greek ὧνπερ ἐπεὶ ὁ Τουτίλας ᾔσθετο, ξυγκαλέσας ἅπαντας παρηγόρει τε καὶ τὰ πιστὰ ἔτι μᾶλλον αὐτοῖς ἐπιρρώσας, θαρσεῖν μὲν ἤδη ἐκέλευε καὶ τῷ Γότθων στρατῷ φόβῳ οὐδενὶ ἀναμίγνυσθαι, τά τε ἐπιτήδεια ἐνθένδε ὠνεῖσθαι καὶ εἴ του ἄλλου δέοιντο, ἅτε παρὰ φίλων κομίζεσθαι.

Dewing When Totila perceived this, he called them all together and reassured them and gave still further confirmation of the pledges he had given, bidding them take courage immediately, mingle with the Gothic army with no fear, and buy from them their provisions and procure whatever else they lacked as from friends.

Greek ἐπεὶ δὲ τὸ πνεῦμα ἔτι σφίσιν ἀπ’ ἐναντίας ἐφέρετο καὶ χρόνος ἐτρίβη συχνός, ἵππους τε καὶ ὑποζύγια παρασχόμενος, ἐφοδίοις τε αὐτοὺς δωρησάμενος, ἐς Ῥώμην ἐκέλευεν ὁδῷ ἰόντας πορεύεσθαι, πομπούς τινας τῶν ἐν Γότθοις δοκίμων σφίσι ξυμπέμψας.

Dewing But later, since the wind was still blowing against them and much time had been wasted, he provided them with both horses and pack animals, presented them with travelling-money, and bade them make the journey to Rome by land, sending with them some of the Gothic notables as an escort.

Greek Τὸ δὲ Νεαπόλεως τεῖχος καθελεῖν ἐς ἔδαφος ἐνεχείρησεν, ὅπως αὐτὴν μὴ καταλαβόντες αὖθις Ῥωμαῖοι ἔκ τε ἐχυροῦ ὁρμώμενοι πράγματα Γοτθοις παράσχωσιν.

Dewing And he set about razing the wall of Naples to the ground, so that the Romans might not take possession of it again and, by using it as a strong base, make trouble for the Goths.

Greek ἐν πεδίῳ γὰρ μᾶλλον ἐκ τοῦ εὐθέος διακρίνεσθαι μάχῃ πρὸς αὐτοὺς ἤθελεν ἢ τέχναις τισὶ καὶ σοφίσμασι διαμάχεσθαι. μοῖραν μέντοι αὐτοῦ καθελὼν πολλὴν τὸ λοιπὸν εἴασεν.

Dewing For he preferred to reach an outright decision by a battle with them on a plain rather than to carry on a long contest by means of sundry devices of craft and cunning. But self tearing down a large part of it he left the rest.

Greek Ὑπὸ τοῦτον τὸν χρόνον Ῥωμαῖός τις αὐτῷ προσελθών, Καλαβρὸς γένος, ᾐτιᾶτο τῶν δορυφορων τῶν αὐτοῦ τινα τὴν παῖδα παρθένον οὖσαν οὔτι ἑκουσίαν βιάσασθαι.

Dewing While Totila was thus engaged, a certain Roman came before him — a Calabrian by birth — and made the charge that one of Totila's bodyguards had violated his daughter, who was a maiden, utterly against her will.

Greek καὶ ὃς τὸν ἄνθρωπον οὐκ ἀπαρνηθέντα τὸ ἔγκλημα τίσασθαι τῆς ἁμαρτάδος ἐν σπουδῇ ἔχων ἐν δεσμωτηρίῳ καθεῖρξε.

Dewing Whereupon, seeing that the man did not deny the charge, Totila made haste to punish him for the offence and confined him in prison.

Greek δείσαντες δὲ ἀμφ’ αὐτὸν τῶν βαρβάρων οἱ δοκιμώτατοι ʽδραστήριος γάρ τις ἀνὴρ ἐτύγχανεν ὢν καὶ ἀγαθὸς τὰ πολέμιἀ ξυλλεγέντες εὐθὺς καὶ Τουτίλᾳ ἐς ὄψιν ἐλθόντες ἐδέοντο τῷ ἀνθρωπῳ τὴν αἰτίαν ἀφεῖναι.

Dewing But the most notable men among the barbarians began to feel alarm for him (for he was, as it happened, an active fellow and a good warrior), and so they straightway gathered together and went before Totila with the request that he dismiss the charge against the man.

Greek Ὁ δὲ πρᾴως τε καὶ ταραχῇ οὐδεμιᾷ τῶν λεγομένων τὴν μάθησιν ποιησάμενος ἔλεξε τοιάδε· “Οὐκ ἀπανθρωπίας ὑπερβολῇ εἴκων οὐδὲ ξυγγενῶν ὑπερηδόμενος ξυμφοραῖς, ἀλλ’ ὡς ἔνι μάλιστα δεδιὼς μή τι Γότθοις ξυμβήσεται φλαῦρον, ἐς λόγους τούσδε, ὦ ξυστρατιῶται,

Dewing But he, gently and with no excitement, after hearing their statement, spoke as follows: "Fellow-soldiers, the reason for my speaking as I now do is not that I am yielding to a harsh inhumanity, or taking especial delight in the misfortunes of my kinsmen, but it is that I feel the greatest possible apprehension lest some mischance befall the Goths.

Greek καθίσταμαι. ἐγὼ μὲν οὖν τοῦτο οἶδα, ὡς τῶν ἀνθρώπων ὁ πολὺς ὅμιλος τὰ τῶν πραγμάτων ὀνόματα μεταβάλλουσιν ἐπὶ τοὐναντίον.

Dewing Now I, for my part, know this, that the great majority of mankind twist and turn the names of things until they reverse their meaning.

Greek φιλανθρωπίαν μὲν γὰρ καλεῖν τὴν παρανομίαν εἰώθασιν, ἐξ ἧς διεφθάρθαι τε τὰ χρηστὰ πάντα καὶ ξυντεταράχθαι ξυμβαίνει, σκαιὸν δὲ καὶ ἀτεχνῶς δύσκολον, ὃς ἂν τὰ νόμιμα περιστέλλειν ἐς τὸ ἀκριβὲς βούληται, ὅπως δὴ τοῖς ὀνόμασι τούτοις παραπετάσμασιν ἐς τὴν ἀσέλγειαν χρώμενοι ἀδεέστερον ἐξαμαρτάνειν τε ἱκανοὶ εἶεν καὶ τὴν μοχθηρίαν ἐνδείκνυσθαι.

Dewing For, on the one hand, they are accustomed to call kindness that which is really lawlessness, the outcome of which is that everything respectable is brought to utter confusion; and, on the other hand, they call any man perverse and exceedingly difficult who wishes to preserve the lawful order with exactness — to the end, plainly, that by using these names as screens for their wanton deeds they may be able more fearlessly to do wrong and display their baseness.

Greek ὑμῖν δὲ παραινῶ μὴ τῆς ὑμῶν αὐτῶν σωτηρίας ἁμαρτάδα ἑνὸς ἀνδρὸς ἀνταλλάξασθαι, μηδὲ τοῦ μιάσματος τοῦδε αὐτοὶ τὸ μέρος οὐδὲν ἀδικοῦντες μεταλαχεῖν. τό τε γὰρ ἐξαμαρτεῖν καὶ τὸ διακωλύειν τὴν ἐς τοὺς ἐξημαρτηκότας τιμωρίαν, οἶμαι, ἐν ἴσῳ ἐστί.

Dewing But I urge you not to sacrifice your own security for the sinful act of a single man, nor to assume any share yourselves in this foul sin, seeing that you have done no wrong. For the act of committing a sin and that of preventing the punishment of those who have committed sin are, in my judgment, on the same plane.

Greek βούλομαι τοίνυν οὑτωσὶ σκοπουμένους ὑμᾶς ποιήσασθαι τὴν ὑπὲρ τῶν παρόντων διάγνωσιν, ὡς νῦν αἵρεσις ὑμῖν δυοῖν πρόκειται, ἢ τὸν ἄνδρα τοῦτον ὧν ἠδίκηκε μὴ δοῦναι τὴν δίκην, ἢ τὸ Γότθων γένος σεσῶσθαί τε καὶ τὸ τοῦ πολέμου κεκτῆσθαι κράτος.

Dewing I wish, accordingly, that you make your decision concerning the matter in hand taking this point of view — that two alternatives are now presented to your choice, either that this man should not pay the penalty for the wrong he has done or that the Gothic nation should be saved and achieve victory in the war.

Greek σκέψασθε γάρ· ἦν ἡμῖν κατ’ ἀρχὰς τοῦδε τοῦ πολέμου στρατιωτῶν μὲν πλῆθος δόξῃ τε καὶ τῇ ἐς τοὺς κινδύνους ἐμπειρίᾳ λαμπρόν, χρήματα δὲ ξυνελόντα εἰπεῖν ἀριθμοῦ κρείσσω, ἵππων δὲ καὶ ὅπλων περιουσίας ὑπερβολή τις, καὶ πάντα ὅσα ἔν γε Ἰταλιώταις ὀχυρώματά ἐστιν. καὶ ταῦτα γὰρ οὐκ ἀχρεῖα παντάπασιν εἶναι δοκεῖ τοῖς ἐς πόλεμον καθισταμένοις ἐφόδια.

Dewing For I would have you consider this: we had, at the beginning of this war, a vast army unsurpassed both in renown and in actual experience of war; our wealth, to put all in a word, was too great to be reckoned; we possessed an extraordinary abundance of both horses and weapons; and, lastly, we held all the fortresses that there are in Italy. And truly these things are regarded as not entirely useless equipment when men are entering into a war.

Greek ἐπεὶ δὲ ὑπὸ Θευδάτῳ ταττόμενοι, ἀνδρὶ τὸ δίκαιον περὶ ἐλάσσονος τῆς ἐς τὸ πλουτεῖν ἐπιθυμίας πεποιημένῳ, ἵλεων ἡμῖν αὐτοῖς τὸν θεὸν παρανομίᾳ τῇ ἐς τὴν δίαιταν ὡς ἥκιστα κατεστήσαμεν, ὅπη ποτὲ κεχώρηκεν ἡμῖν ἡ τύχη ἐπίστασθε δή που, ὑφ’ οἵων τε καὶ ὁπόσων ἡσσημένοις ἀνδρῶν.

Dewing But while we were arrayed under Theodatus, a man who made less of justice than of his desire to become wealthy, the lawlessness of our daily conduct caused God to be in no wise propitious to us, and to what our fortune has come as a result of this you are, of course, well aware, as you know what kind of men and how few of them have defeated us.

Greek νῦν δὲ τὴν δίκην παρ’ ἡμῶν ὁ θεὸς ὧν ἐξημάρτομεν ἱκανῶς ἔχων αὖθις ἡμῖν κατὰ τὸ βούλημα ῥυθμίζει τὸν βίον καὶ τὸ ξύμπαν εἰπεῖν ἄμεινον ἡμῖν ἢ κατ’ ἐλπίδα τὰ πράγματα ἄγει, οἷς γε ὑπὲρ τὴν ὑπάρχουσαν δύναμιν νενικηκέναι τοὺς πολεμίους τετύχηκε.

Dewing But now that God has inflicted upon us sufficient punishment for the sins we committed, he is once more ordering our lives in accordance with our desire, and, to speak comprehensively, he is guiding our affairs in a better way than we could have hoped for, inasmuch as we have had the fortune to be victorious over our enemies beyond the measure of our actual strength.

Greek περιστέλλειν οὖν τὴν τῆς νίκης πρόφασιν τῷ τὰ δίκαια πράσσειν ξυνοίσει μᾶλλον ἢ ἀπ’ ἐναντίας αὐτῇ ἰόντας φθονεροὺς ἡμᾶς ἐφ’ ἡμῖν αὐτοῖς γεγενῆσθαι δοκεῖν.

Dewing To preserve, therefore, the justification of our victory by acting righteously will be more to our interest than, by reversing our course, to let it seem that we have become envious of our own selves.

Greek οὐ γὰρ ἔστιν, οὐκ ἔστι, τὸν ἀδικοῦντα καὶ βιαζόμενον ἐν τοῖς ἀγῶσιν εὐδοκιμεῖν, ἀλλὰ πρὸς τὸν βίον ἑκάστου ἡ τοῦ πολέμου πρυτανεύεται τύχη.” Τουτίλας μὲν τοσαῦτα εἶπεν.

Dewing For it is not possible, no, not possible, for a man who commits injustice and does deeds of violence to win glory in battle, but the fortune of war is decreed according to the life of the individual man." Thus then spoke Totila.

Greek ἐπαινέσαντες δὲ τὰ εἰρημένα οἱ Γότθων λόγιμοι τὸν δορυφόρον οὐκέτι ἐξῃτοῦντο, ἀλλ’ εἴων ὅπως ποτὲ αὐτῷ πράσσειν δοκοίη. καὶ ὃς τὸν μὲν ἄνθρωπον οὐκ ἐς μακρὰν διεχρήσατο, τὰ δὲ χρήματα, ὅσα δὴ αὐτοῦ ἐτύγχανεν ὄντα, τῇ βιασθείσῃ παρέσχετο.

Dewing And the notables of the Goths, approving his words, no longer begged for the bodyguard's release, but consented that he be treated in whatever manner Totila might deem best. And he executed the man not long afterwards, and gave to the injured girl all the money that belonged to him.