第7巻 第36章

Greek Μετὰ δὲ Τουτίλας ἅπαν ἐπὶ Ῥώμην τὸ στράτευμα ἦγε, καὶ ἐγκαθεζόμενος εἰς πολιορκίαν καθίστατο. ἐτύγχανε δὲ Βελισάριος τρισχιλίους ἀριστίνδην ἀπολεξάμενος, οὕσπερ ἐπὶ τῷ Ῥώμης φυλακτηρίῳ καταστησάμενος Διογένην αὐτοῖς ἄρχοντα, τῶν δορυφόρων τῶν αὑτοῦ ἕνα, ἐπέστησεν, ἄνδρα ξυνετόν τε διαφερόντως καὶ ἀγαθὸν τὰ πολέμια.

Dewing Totila now led his whole army against Rome, and establishing himself there entered upon a siege. But Belisarius had selected three thousand men noted for their valour and appointed them to garrison Rome, pla­cing in command of them Diogenes, one of his own spearmen, a man of unusual discretion and an able warrior.

Greek διὸ δὴ χρόνου μῆκος τῇ προσεδρείᾳ ταύτῃ ἐτρίβετο. οἵ τε γὰρ πολιορκούμενοι ἀρετῆς περιουσίᾳ πρὸς ἅπαντα τὸν Γότθων στρατὸν ἀξιόμαχοι ὄντες ἐφαίνοντο καὶ Διογένης ἔς τε τὸ ἀκριβὲς τῇ φυλακῇ ἐχρῆτο ὡς μή τις κακουργήσων ἐπὶ τὸ τεῖχος ἴοι καὶ πανταχόθι τῆς πόλεως σῖτον ἐντὸς τοῦ περιβόλου σπείρας ἐνδεῖν σφίσι τὰ ἐπιτήδεια ὡς ἥκιστα ἐποίει.

Dewing Consequently a long time was consumed in the blockade. For the besieged, on their part, shewed themselves, thanks to their extraordinary valour, a match for the entire Gothic army, while Diogenes was ever keeping a strict watch that no one should approach the wall to damage it; furthermore, he sowed grain in all parts of the city inside the circuit-wall and so brought it about that they had not the least shortage of food.

Greek πολλάκις δὲ οἱ βάρβαροι τειχομαχεῖν ἐγχειρήσαντες καὶ τοῦ περιβόλου ἀποπειράσασθαι ἀπεκρούσθησαν, ἀρετῇ σφᾶς ἀπωσαμένων ἐνθένδε Ῥωμαίων. τοῦ μέντοι Πόρτου κρατήσαντες Ῥώμην κατὰ κράτος ἐπολιόρκουν. ταῦτα μὲν οὖν ἐφέρετο τῇδε.

Dewing Many times indeed the barbarians attempted to storm the fortifications and make trial of the circuit-wall, but they were always repulsed, being driven back from the wall by the valour of the Romans. They did however, capture Portus,⁠ and thereafter held Rome under close siege. Such was the course of these events.

Greek Βασιλεὺς δὲ Ἰουστινιανὸς ἐπειδὴ Βελισάριον ἐς Βυζάντιον ἥκοντα εἶδεν, ἄρχοντα πέμπειν ξὺν στρατῷ ἄλλον ἐπὶ Γότθους τε διενοεῖτο καὶ Τουτίλαν.

Dewing As soon as the emperor saw Belisarius returned to Byzantium, he began to make plans for sending another commander with an army against the Goths and Totila.

Greek καὶ εἰ μὲν ἐπιτελῆ ταύτην δὴ ἐπεποιήκει τὴν ἔννοιαν, οἶμαι ἄν, Ῥώμης μὲν ἔτι ὑπ’ αὐτῷ οὔσης, σεσωσμένων δέ οἱ τῶν ἐνταῦθα στρατιωτῶν καὶ τοῖς ἐκ Βυζαντίου ἐπιβεβοηθηκοσιν ἀναμίγνυσθαι δυναμένων, περιέσεσθαι τῶν ἐναντίων αὐτὸν τῷ πολέμῳ.

Dewing And if he had actually carried out this idea, I believe that, with Rome still under his power, and the soldiers it and city saved for him and enabled to unite with the relieving force from Byzantium, he would have overcome his opponents in the war.

Greek νῦν δὲ τὰ μὲν πρῶτα Λιβέριον ἀπολεξάμενος, ἄνδρα τῶν ἐκ Ῥώμης πατρικίων, ἐν παρασκευῇ ἐκέλευε γενέσθαι, μετὰ δὲ ἀσχολίας οἱ ἴσως ἐπιγενομένης ἑτέρας τινὸς τὴν προθυμίαν κατέπαυσε.

Dewing But in fact, after first selecting Liberius, one of the patricians from Rome, and ordering him to make himself ready, he later, perhaps because some other business claimed his attention, lost interest in the matter.

Greek Χρόνου δὲ τῇ Ῥώμης πολιορκίᾳ τριβέντος πολλοῦ, τῶν τινὲς Ἰσαύρων, οἳ ἀμφὶ πύλην ἣ Παύλου τοῦ ἀποστόλου ἐπώνυμός ἐστι φυλακὴν εἶχον ʽἅμα μὲν ἐπικαλοῦντες ἐνιαυτῶν πολλῶν οὐδὲν πρὸς βασιλέως σφίσι δεδόσθαι, ἅμα δὲ καὶ Ἰσαύρους ὁρῶντες τοὺς παραδόντας Ῥώμην τὰ πρότερα Γότθοις κεκομψευμένους ἐπὶ μεγάλων τινῶν χρημάτων ὄγκᾠ, Τουτίλᾳ λαθραιότατα ἐς λόγους ἐλθόντες ὡμολογησαν τὴν πόλιν ἐνδώσειν,

Dewing After the siege of Rome had continued for a long time, some of the Isaurians who were keeping guard at the gate which bears the name of Paul the Apostle⁠ — men nursing a grievance because for many years nothing had been paid them by the emperor, and observing, at the same time, that those Isaurians who had previously surrendered Rome to the Goths had become the proud possessors of vast sums of money — very secretly opened negotiations with Totila and agreed to hand over the city, and a definite day was appointed for the transaction.

Greek τακτή τε ξυνέκειτο ἡμέρα τῇ πράξει. καὶ ἐπεὶ παρῆν ἡ κυρία, Τουτίλας μηχανᾶται τοιάδε. ἐς ποταμὸν Τίβεριν ἐν πρώτῃ τῶν νυκτῶν φυλακῇ δύο πλοῖα μακρὰ καθῆκεν, ἄνδρας ἐνταῦθα χρῆσθαι ταῖς σάλπιγξιν ἐπισταμένους ἐνθέμενος.

Dewing So when the appointed day was come, Totila contrived the following plan. He launched in the Tiber river during the first watch of the night two long boats, pla­cing on them men who understood the use of the trumpet.

Greek οἷς δὴ ἐπέστελλε διὰ μὲν τοῦ Τιβέριδος ἐρέσσοντας ἐπίπροσθεν ἰέναι, ἐπειδὰν δὲ τοῦ περιβόλου ἄγχιστα ἥκωσι ταῖς σάλπιγξιν ἐνταῦθα ἠχεῖν δυνάμει τῇ πάσῃ.

Dewing These he command to row straight across the Tiber, and when they came close to the circuit-wall to sound the trumpets there with all their might.

Greek αὐτὸς δὲ τὸν Γότθων στρατὸν ἄγχιστα πύλης τῆς εἰρημένης, ἣ Παύλου τοῦ ἀποστόλου ἐπώνυμός ἐστι, λανθάνων τοὺς πολεμίους ἐν παρασκευῇ εἶχε.

Dewing Meanwhile he himself was holding the Gothic army in readiness close to the above-mentioned gate which bears the name of the Apostle Paul, unobserved by his enemy.

Greek λογισάμενός τε ὡς ἤν τινες τοῦ Ῥωμαίων στρατοῦ ἅτε ἐν σκότῳ διαλαθόντες ἐκ τῆς πόλεως διαδρᾶναι οἷοί τε ὦσιν, ἴωσιν ἐς Κεντουκέλλας, ἐπεὶ ὀχύρωμα ἕτερον τῶν τῇδε χωρίων οὐδαμῆ σφίσιν ἐλέλειπτο, ἀνδρῶν μαχίμων ἐνέδραις τισὶ προλοχίζειν ἔγνω τὴν ἐνταῦθα ὁδὸν φέρουσαν, οἷς δὴ ἐπήγγελλε τοὺς φεύγοντας διαχρήσασθαι.

Dewing And reasoning that, if any of the Roman army should succeed in escaping from the city, as they well might under cover of darkness, they were doing to Centumcellae, for no other fortress was left to them anywhere among the towns of that region, he decided to guard the road leading thither by means of some ambuscades of warlike men, to whom he gave instructions to destroy the fugitives.

Greek οἱ μὲν οὖν ἐν τοῖς πλοίοις ὄντες, ἐπεὶ τῆς πόλεως ἄγχι ἐγένοντο, ἐχρῶντο ἤδη κατὰ τὰ σφίσιν ἐπηγγελμένα ταῖς σάλπιγξι.

Dewing So the men in the boats, upon getting near the city, immediately made use of their troops, as they had been instructed to do.

Greek Ῥωμαῖοι δὲ καταπλαγέντες ἐς μέγα τε δέος καὶ θόρυβον καταστάντες ἐξαπιναίως ἀπολιπόντες οὐδενὶ λόγῳ τὰ σφέτερα φυλακτήρια ἐβοήθουν ἐνταῦθα δρόμῳ, τὴν ἐπιβουλὴν ἐς τὸ ἐκείνῃ τεῖχος εἶναι οἰόμενοι.

Dewing Thereupon the Romans were thunderstruck, and falling into great fear and confusion suddenly abandoned for no sufficient reason their several posts and hastened on the run to give assistance at that point, supposing that the attempt was directed against that part of the wall.

Greek μόνοι τε οἱ προδιδόντες Ἴσαυροι ἐπὶ τῇ αὐτῶν φυλακῇ μείναντες τάς τε πύλας κατ’ ἐξουσίαν ἀνέῳγον καὶ τῇ πόλει τοὺς πολεμίους ἐδέξαντο.

Dewing Thus the Isaurians who were betraying the city remained alone at their post and they opened the gates at their leisure and received the enemy into the city.

Greek καὶ πολὺς μὲν τῶν παραπεπτωκότων ἐνταῦθα γεγένηται φόνος, πολλοὶ δὲ φεύγοντες δι’ ἑτέρων πυλῶν ῳχοντο, οἱ δὲ τὴν ἐπὶ Κεντουκέλλας ἰόντες ὑπό τε τοῖς ἐνεδρεύουσι γενόμενοι διεφθάρησαν. ὀλίγοι μέντοι αὐτῶν διέφυγον μόλις, ἐν οἷς καὶ Διογένην πληγέντα φασὶ διασεσῶσθαι.

Dewing And there was great slaughter of those who fell into the hands of the enemy there, though many made off in flight through other gates, but those who went toward Centumcellae⁠ got into the ambuscades and perished. However, a few of them did escape with difficulty, Diogenes too, they say, being among them and securing his safety though wounded.

Greek Ἦν δέ τις ἐν τῷ Ῥωμαίων στρατῷ Παῦλος μὲν ὄνομα, Κίλιξ δὲ γένος, ὃς τὰ μὲν πρῶτα ἐφειστήκει τῇ Βελισαρίου οἰκίᾳ, ὕστερον δὲ καταλόγου ἱππικοῦ ἄρχων ἔς τε Ἰταλίαν ἐστράτευσε καὶ ξὺν τῷ Διογένει ἐπὶ τῷ Ῥώμης φυλακτηρίῳ ἐτέτακτο.

Dewing Now there was in the Roman army one named Paulus, a Cilician by birth, who at first had been in charge of the household of Belisarius, but later went with the army to Italy in command of a cavalry troop, and had been appointed with Diogenes to command the garrison of Rome.

Greek οὗτος ὁ Παῦλος, ἁλισκομένης τότε τῆς πόλεως, ξὺν ἱππεῦσι τετρακοσίοις ἔς τε τὸν Ἀδριανοῦ τάφον ἀνέδραμε καὶ τὴν γέφυραν ἔσχε τὴν ἐς Πέτρου τοῦ ἀποστόλου τὸν νεὼν φέρουσαν.

Dewing This Paulus, during the capture of the city at that time, rushed with four hundred horsemen into the Tomb of Hadrian and seized the bridge leading to the church of the Apostle Peter.

Greek τοῦ δὲ Γότθων στρατοῦ, ὄρθρου τε ὄντος καὶ μέλλοντός τι ὑποφαίνειν ἡμέρας, τούτοις δὴ τοῖς ἀνδράσιν ἐς χεῖρας ἐλθόντος, ἐνταῦθα ἰσχυρότατα τοὺς πολεμίους ὑφιστάμενοι τὸ πλέον ἔσχον· τῶν τε βαρβάρων ἅτε πλήθους τε μεγάλου καὶ στενοχωρίας ἐν αὐτοῖς οὔσης πολλοὺς ἔκτειναν.

Dewing And while it was still dawn and a little daylight was about to appear, the Gothic army assailed these men, but they withstood their enemy most vigorously where they were and gained the upper hand; indeed they slew large numbers of the barbarians, seeing they were in a great throng and huddled together.

Greek ὅπερ ἐπεὶ ὁ Τουτίλας εἶδε, κατέπαυσε μὲν αὐτίκα τὴν μάχην, Γότθους δὲ τοῖς πολεμίοις ἀντικαθεζομένους ἡσυχάζειν ἐκέλευεν, οἰόμενος λιμῷ τοὺς ἄνδρας αἱρήσειν.

Dewing When Totila saw this, he stopped the fighting immediately, and commanded the Goths quietly to blockade their enemy, thinking that he would capture the men by starvation.

Greek ταύτην μὲν οὖν τὴν ἡμέραν Παῦλός τε καὶ οἱ τετρακόσιοι ἀπόσιτοι διαγεγόνασι, τήν τε νύκτα οὕτως ηὐλίσαντο· τῇ δὲ ἐπιγενομένῃ ἐβουλεύσαντο μὲν σιτίζεσθαι τῶν ἵππων τισίν, ὄκνησις δὲ αὐτοὺς τῷ τῆς ἐδωδῆς οὐ ξυνειθισμένῳ διεκρούσατο μέχρι ἐς δείλην ὀψίαν, καίπερ πιεζομένους τῶ λιμῷ ἐς τὰ μάλιστα.

Dewing Consequently Paulus and the four hundred passed that day without food, and bivouacked during the night in the same condition. On the following day, however, they resolved to use some of the horses for food, but a feeling of reluctance owing to the unusual nature of this food prevented them until late afternoon, although exceedingly hard pressed by hunger.

Greek τότε δὲ πολλὰ λογισάμενοι ἐν σφίσιν αὐτοῖς, καὶ ἀλλήλους ἐς εὐτολμίαν παρακαλέσαντες, ἐβουλεύσαντο ἄμεινον σφίσιν εἶναι εὐπρεπεῖ θανάτῳ αὐτίκα δὴ μάλα καταλῦσαι τὸν βίον.

Dewing At that time, after long deliberation among themselves, and after long deliberation among themselves, and after exhorting one another to boldness, they came to the conclusion that the better course for them was to end their lives then and there by a glorious death.

Greek ὁρμῆσαι μὲν γὰρ ἔγνωσαν ἐπὶ τοὺς πολεμίους ἐκ τοῦ αἰφνιδίου κτεῖναι δὲ αὐτῶν ὅσους ἂν ἑκάστῳ δυνατὰ εἴη οὕτω τε ἀνδρείως τῆς τελευτῆς τυχεῖν ἅπαντες.

Dewing In fact their decision was to make a sudden rush upon their enemy, to kill as many of them as each man could, and thus each and every one of them to meet his death valiantly.

Greek ἀλλήλους τοίνυν ἐξαπιναίως περιπλακέντες καὶ τῶν προσώπων καταφιλήσαντες τὴν ἐπὶ θανάτῳ ἠσπάζοντο, ὡς ἀπολούμενοι εὐθὺς ἅπαντες.

Dewing Accordingly they rushed suddenly into each other's arms, and kissing one another's cheeks held their friends in a last embrace on the point of death, intending one and all to perish forthwith.

Greek Ὅπερ κατανοήσας ὁ Τουτίλας ἔδεισε μὴ θανατῶντες ἄνθρωποι καὶ σωτηρίας πέρι ἐλπίδα οὐδεμίαν τὸ λοιπὸν ἔχοντες ἀνήκεστα ἔργα Γότθους δράσωσι.

Dewing But Totila, observing this, began to fear that men who were setting their faces toward death, having now no further hope as regards safety, would inflict irreparable harm upon the Goths.

Greek πέμψας οὖν παρ’ αὐτοὺς δυοῖν προὐτείνετο αὐτοῖς αἵρεσιν, ὅπως ἢ τοὺς ἵππους ἀφέντες ἐνταῦθα καὶ τὰ ὅπλα καταθέμενοι, ἀπομόσαντές τε μηκέτι ἐπὶ Γότθους στρατεύεσθαι, κακῶν ἀπαθεῖς ἐς Βυζάντιον ἀπαλλάσσωνται, ἢ τὰ σφέτερα αὐτῶν ἔχοντες ἐπὶ τῇ ἴσῃ καὶ ὁμοίᾳ Γότθοις τὸ λοιπὸν ξυστρατεύσωοι.

Dewing He therefore sent to them and offered them a choice of two alternatives, either to leave their horses and arms there, take an oath not again to fight against the Goths, and thus to depart for Byzantium without experiencing any harm, or, on the other hand, to keep their own possessions and fight thereafter in the Gothic army, enjoying full and complete equality with the Goths.

Greek τούτους Ῥωμαῖοι τοὺς λόγους ἄσμενοι ἤκουσαν. καὶ τὰ μὲν πρῶτα τὴν ἐπὶ τὸ Βυζάντιον εἵλοντο ἅπαντες, ἔπειτα δὲ πεζοὶ μὲν ποιεῖσθαι καὶ ἄνοπλοι τὴν ἀναχώρησιν αἰσχυνόμενοι, δειμαίνοντες δὲ μή τισιν ἐνέδραις ἐν τῇ ἀποπορείᾳ περιπεπτωκότες διαφθαρεῖεν, ἅμα δὲ καὶ μεμφόμενοι, ὅτι δὴ σφίσι χρόνου τὰς συντάξεις πολλοῦ τὸ Ῥωμαίων δημόσιον ὤφειλεν, ἅπαντες ἐθελούσιοι τῷ Γότθων στρατῷ ἀνεμίγνυντο, πλήν γε δὴ ὅτι Παῦλός τε καὶ τῶν τις Ἰσαύρων, Μίνδης ὄνομα, Τουτίλᾳ ἐς ὄψιν ἐλθόντες ἐς Βυζάντιον σφᾶς ἐδέοντο στεῖλαι.

Dewing These proposals were heard gladly by the Romans. And at first, to be sure, all were for choosing to go to Byzantium, but later, being ashamed to make their withdrawal on foot and without arms, and dreading also that they would fall into some ambuscades on the homeward journey and thus be destroyed, and bearing a grudge, furthermore, because the Roman State owed them pay for a long period, they all mingled voluntarily with the Gothic army, except indeed that Paulus and one of the Isaurians, Mindes by name, came before Totila and prayed him to send them to Byzantium.

Greek παῖδάς τε γὰρ καὶ γυναῖκας σφίσιν ἐν γῇ τῇ πατρῴᾳ ἔφασκον εἶναι, ὧνπερ χωρὶς βιοτεύειν οὐχ οἷοί τε εἶναι.

Dewing For they stated that they had children and wives in their native land, and apart from these they were unable to live.

Greek οὕσπερ ὁ Τουτίλας ἅτε ἀληθιζομένους ἀποδεξάμενος, ἐφοδίοις τε δωρησάμενος καὶ παραπομποὺς ξυμπέμψας ἀφῆκε. καὶ ἄλλοι μέντοι τοῦ Ῥωμαίων στρατοῦ, ὅσοι καταφυγόντες ἐς τὰ τῆς πόλεως ἱερὰ ἔτυχον, ἐς τριακοσίους ὄντες, τὰ πιστὰ λαβόντες Τουτίλᾳ προσεχώρησαν.

Dewing And Totila received the request of these men with favour, believing that they were speaking the truth, and he released them after presenting them with travelling money and sending an escort with them. There were others also of the Roman army, those, namely, who had chanced to take refuge in the sanctuaries of the city, about three hundred in number, who received pledges and went over to Totila.

Greek Ῥώμην δὲ οὔτε καθελεῖν οὔτε ἀπολιπεῖν τὸ λοιπὸν Τουτίλας ἤθελεν, ἀλλὰ Γότθους τε καὶ Ῥωμαίους τοὺς ἐκ τῆς συγκλήτου βουλῆς καὶ τοὺς ἄλλους ἅπαντας ξυνοικίζειν ἐνταῦθα ἔγνω ἐξ αἰτίας τοιᾶσδε.

Dewing As for Rome itself, Totila was unwilling thereafter either to dismantle or to abandon it; instead he decided to establish in residence there both Goths and Romans, not only members of the senate, but also all the others, for the following reason.