第7巻 第25章

Greek Ἐτύγχανε δὲ πολλῷ πρότερον στράτευμα ἐπὶ Περυσίαν ὁ Τουτίλας στείλας, οἵπερ ἀμφὶ τὸν τῆς πόλεως περίβολον ἐνστρατοπεδευσάμενοι ἐπολιόρκουν ἐς τὸ ἀκριβὲς τοὺς ταύτῃ Ῥωμαίους.

Dewing Long before this Totila had, as it happened, sent an army against Perusia, and they had encamped about the circuit-wall of the city and were maintaining a close siege of the Romans there.

Greek καὶ ἐπεὶ τῶν ἐπιτηδείων αὐτοὺς σπανίζοντας ᾔσθοντο ἤδη, πέμψαντες παρὰ Τουτίλαν ἐδέοντο παντὶ τῷ στρατῷ ἐνταῦθα ἰέναι, ῥᾷον ἂν οὕτω καὶ ἀπονώτερον ἐξελεῖν Περυσίαν τε καὶ τοὺς ἐνταῦθα Ῥωμαίους οἰόμενοι.

Dewing And since they perceived that the city was scantily supplied with provisions, they sent to Totila and begged him to come there with his whole army, thinking that they would thus capture Perusia and the Romans in it with less difficulty and labour.

Greek Τουτίλας δὲ οὐ λίαν ἐς τὰ ἐπαγγελλόμενα προθυμουμένους τοὺς βαρβάρους ὁρῶν παραίνεσίν τινα ποιεῖσθαι ἐς αὐτοὺς ἤθελε.

Dewing Now Totila saw that the barbarians were not very eager to carry out his orders, and so he desired to deliver an exhortation to them.

Greek διὸ δὴ ξυγκαλέσας ἅπαντας ἔλεξε τοιάδε· “Ὁρῶν ὑμᾶς, ἄνδρες ξυστρατιῶται, ἐμὲ μὲν οὐκ ὀρθῶς δι’ ὀργῆς ἔχοντας, ἀγανακτοῦντας δὲ πρὸς τὸ τῆς τύχης ξυμπεπτωκὸς ἐναντίωμα, ξυναγαγεῖν τανῦν ἔγνωκα, ὅπως ὑμῶν δόξαν ὡς ἥκιστα ὀρθὴν ἀφελὼν ἀντικαθιστάναι τὴν γνώμην ἐπὶ τὰ βελτίω δυνήσωμαι, καὶ μήτε ἀχαριστεῖν οὐδὲν ὑμῖν προσῆκον ἐς ἐμὲ δόξητε μήτε ἀγνωμοσύνῃ εἰς τὸ θεῖον ὑπὸ ἀβελτερίας χρῆσθαι.

Dewing With this to view, he called them all together and spoke as follows. "I have observed, fellow-soldiers, that you are cherishing toward me an unjustified anger, and at the same time that you bitterly resent that adversity of fortune which has befallen us; for this reason I have decided to bring you together on the present occasion, in order that I may be able to remove from your minds an impression which is absolutely wrong and bring you back to a better judgment, and also that you may appear neither to shew me an ingratitude which ill befits you, nor to be led by base motives to assume a thankless attitude toward the Deity.

Greek τὰ γὰρ ἀνθρώπεια καὶ σφάλλεσθαί ποτε πέφυκεν, ὅστις τε ἄνθρωπος ὢν εἶτα δυσχερῶς ἔχων ἐς τὰ προσπίπτοντα φαίνεται, αὐτὸς μὲν ἀμαθίας, ὡς τὸ εἰκός, ἀποίσεται δόξαν, οὐδὲν δὲ ὑπεκστήσεται τὴν ἀπὸ τῆς τύχης ἀνάγκην.

Dewing For it is of the very nature of human affairs that failure must come at times, and when any man, forgetting that he is human, shews himself rebellious against that which befalls him, he will himself naturally acquire a reputation for stupidity, and yet in no wise escape the necessity which fate has laid upon him.

Greek βούλομαι δὲ τῶν πρότερον πεπραγμένων ὑμᾶς ὑπομνῆσαι, οὐχ ὅσον ἕνεκα τοῦ τὰς αἰτίας τῶν ξυμβεβηκότων ἐκλύσασθαι, ἀλλὰ καὶ τοῦ δικαιότερον ἂν ταύτας ὑμῖν προσήκειν ἐνδείκνυσθαι.

Dewing Now I wish to remind you of previous events, not so much in order to absolve myself from the blame for what has happened, as to demonstrate that this may with more justice be laid upon yourselves.

Greek Οὐίττιγις γὰρ τὸ ἐξ ἀρχῆς καθιστάμενος ἐς πόλεμον τόνδε Φανοῦ μὲν καὶ Πισαύρου τῶν ἐπιθαλασσίων πόλεων τὰ τείχη καθεῖλε, Ῥώμην δὲ καὶ τὰς ἄλλας Ἰταλίας πόλεις ἁπάσας ἀφῆκεν οὐδ’ ὁτιοῦν λυμηνάμενος.

Dewing For when Vittigis was entering upon this war at the very beginning, he did indeed tear down the walls of the coast towns Fanum and Pisaurum, but Rome and the other cities of Italy without exception he exempted, not damaging them in the least.

Greek ἐκ μὲν οὖν Φανοῦ καὶ Πισαύρου φλαῦρον οὐδὲν Γότθοις ξυμβέβηκεν, ἐκ δὲ τοῦ Ῥώμης περιβόλου καὶ τῶν ἄλλων ὀχυρωμάτων ταύτῃ, ᾗπερ ὑμεῖς ἴστε, Γότθοις καὶ Οὐιττίγιδι ἐκεχωρήκει τὰ πράγματα.

Dewing Consequently, while no trouble has come to the Goths from Fanum and Pisaurum, it was because of the circuit-walls of Rome and the other fortified places that trouble came to the and Vittigis after the manner that is well-known to you.

Greek Ἐγὼ τοίνυν ἐπειδὴ διδόντων ὑμῶν τὴν ἀρχὴν ἔλαβον, ἐλογισάμην τῶν ἔργων τοῖς ἀμείνοσι δόξασιν εἶναι μᾶλλον ἕπεσθαι ἢ ἐκ τῶν λυμηναμένων τοῖς πράγμασι διδόναι βλάβος.

Dewing "Accordingly, when I accepted the royal power offered by you, I formed the reasonable purpose of emulating those deeds which had come to be regarded as better for us rather than to damage our cause by doing those things which had harmed us.

Greek φύσει μὲν γὰρ ἄνθρωποι οὐδέν τι μέγα διαφέρειν ἀλλήλων δοκοῦσιν, ἡ δὲ πεῖρά τισι γινομένη διδάσκαλος κρείσσω τὸν ἐκμαθόντα τῶν οὐ τετυχηκότων τῆς διδασκαλίας τῷ παντὶ τίθησιν.

Dewing For while men do not seem to differ greatly one from the other as far as nature is concerned, still some have had the advantage of experience, which, like a teacher, makes him who has learned her lesson superior in every respect to those who have not received such instruction.

Greek ἐπειδὴ τοίνυν Βενεβεντὸν εἵλομεν, τὰ τείχη καθελόντες τῶν ἄλλων εὐθὺς ἐκρατοῦμεν, ὧνπερ ὁμοίως τοὺς περιβόλους καθελεῖν ἔγνωμεν, ὅπως μὴ ἐξ ἐχυροῦ τινος ὁρμώμενος ὁ τῶν πολεμίων στρατὸς σοφίζεσθαι τὸν πόλεμον δυνατὸς εἴη, ἀλλ’ ἐκ τοῦ εὐθέος ἀναγκάζηται ἡμῖν ἐς πεδίον κατιὼν ἐς χεῖρας ἰέναι.

Dewing Accordingly, when we captured Beneventum, we razed its walls and straightway captured the other towns, whose circuit-walls we decided to raze in the same way, in order that the enemy's army might not be able, by having any strong base, to carry on the war by stratagem, but should at once be compelled to come down to the plain and engage with us there.

Greek καὶ οἱ μὲν ἔφευγον, ἐγὼ δὲ καθαιρεῖν τῶν πόλεων τὰς ἁλισκομένας ἐκέλευον.

Dewing So while the enemy, for their part, were in flight, I was giving orders to raze such of the cities as were captured.

Greek ὑμεῖς δὲ τὴν εὐβουλίαν θαυμάζοντες ὑπουργεῖτε τῇ γνώμῃ ταύτῃ, τὸ ἔργον, ὡς τὸ εἰκός, οἰκειούμενοι. ὁ γὰρ ἐπαινέσας τὸν δράσαντα οὐδέν τι ἧσσον τῶν πεπραγμένων αὐτουργὸς γίνεται.

Dewing And you, marvelling at my good judgment, aided and abetted this decision, and so, it would seem, made my actions your own. For he who praises the man who has done a deed becomes himself the agent of the deed no less than the other.

Greek νῦν δὲ μεταβέβλησθε, ὦ φίλτατοι Γότθοι, ἐπειδὴ ξυνέβη Βελισάριον κρεῖσσον λόγου θράσος ἑλόμενον τῶν ἐγκεχειρημένων αὐτῷ παρὰ δόξαν κρατεῖν, καὶ ἀπ’ αὐτοῦ καταπεπλῆχθαι τὸν ἄνθρωπον ἅτε ἀνδρεῖον ὑμῖν ξυμβαίνει.

Dewing But now you have reversed your position, my dearest Goths, simply because it has come about that Belisarius, by adopting a course of unreasonable daring, has unexpectedly attained the object for which he strove, and in consequence of this you have come to be astounded at the man as a marvel of courage.

Greek ῥᾷον γὰρ οἱ θρασεῖς εὔτολμοι κέκληνται ἢ οἱ προμηθεῖς ἀσφαλεῖς. ὁ μὲν γὰρ παρὰ τὰ καθεστῶτα τολμήσας ἐννοίᾳ τοῦ δοκοῦντος δραστηρίου τετίμηται, ὁ δὲ προμηθεῖ γνώμῃ ἀποκνήσας τὸν κίνδυνον ἀποτυχών τε τὴν αἰτίαν ἐπισπᾶται τῶν ξυμπιπτόντων καὶ πράξας κατὰ νοῦν οὐδὲν αὐτὸς τοῖς γε ἀμαθέσιν ἐργάσασθαι δοκεῖ.

Dewing For men of daring are called courageous more readily than men of foresight are called safe. And the reason is that, while he who displays daring beyond the established bounds of conduct is honoured with the name and fame of a strenuous man, he who refrains from danger with careful judgment and meets with ill success draws upon him the responsibility for what happens, and even if he achieves the success he planned, he still seems, to foolish men at any rate, to have accomplished nothing by himself.

Greek Χωρὶς δὲ τούτων οὐκ ἐκλογίζεσθε ὅτι ἐμοὶ χαλεπαίνετε, δι’ ὧν ὑμῖν ἀγανακτεῖν ξυμβαίνει τανῦν. Ἢ Βελισάριον εὐδοκιμηκέναι καθ’ ὑμῶν οἴεσθε, οἵπερ δορυάλωτοι ὄντες καὶ δραπέται γεγενημένοι ὑπ’ ἐμοί τε στρατηγοῦντι ὅπλα ἀντάραντες ὑπερβαλέσθαι πολλάκις αὐτὸν τῷ πολέμῳ δεδύνησθε;

Dewing "And apart from this, you do not consider that you are angry with me for the things which, in reality, cause you resentment just now. Or do you really believe that Belisarius has won a glorious success against you — you, who, though reduced to the condition of prisoners of war and runaway slaves, took up arms under me as your general and have proved yourselves able many a time to overcome him in battle?

Greek καίτοι εἰ μὲν ἐμῇ ἀρετῇ ἐκεῖνα ὑμᾶς εἰργάσθαι ξυνέβη, ταύτην ὑμᾶς αἰσχυνομένους χρὴ σιωπᾶν, ἐν τοῖς πταίσμασι δὴ τῶν ἀνθρώπων ἐνθυμουμένους ὡς οὐδὲν πέφυκεν ἐφ’ ἑαυτοῦ μένειν· εἰ δέ τις ὑμῖν τύχη ἐκεῖνο τὸ κράτος ἐβράβευσε, σέβειν μᾶλλον ἢ δυσκόλως πρὸς αὐτὴν ἔχειν ὑμῖν ξυνοίσει, ὡς μὴ προσκεκρουκότες τὴν εὐγνωμοσύνην μεταμαθεῖν βιάζησθε.

Dewing And yet if it was through my merit that you succeeded in accomplishing such things, out of respect for that merit you ought to be silent, remembering in the hour of men's reverses that nothing can remain fixed; and if, on the other hand, it was some fortune which bestowed that victory upon you, it will profit you more to shew reverence toward her rather than vexation, so that you may not be compelled through failure to learn the true meaning of her favour.

Greek καίτοι πῶς οὐκ ἂν ἀπὸ τοῦ σώφρονος τρόπου φανείη τοὺς πολλά τε καὶ μεγάλα περιβεβλημένους εὐτυχήματα οὐ πολλῷ ἔμπροσθεν ἐν βραχεῖ τε τανῦν πταίσαντας οὕτω δεδουλῶσθαι τὸ φρόνημα; οὐ γὰρ ἄλλο οὐδὲν τὸ τοιοῦτόν ἐστιν ἢ ἀπαξιοῦν τε καὶ ἀπαρνεῖσθαι ἀνθρώπους εἶναι.

Dewing Indeed, how could it fail to appear inconsistent with a well-tempered spirit that men who have achieved for themselves many great successes not long ago and have now met with a slight reverse should allow their pride to be thus humbled? For such an attitude means purely and simply this, that you obstinately refuse to acknowledge that you are human.

Greek τὸ γὰρ ἐν οὐδενὶ σφάλλεσθαι χρόνῳ θεοῦ ἂν ἴδιον γένοιτο. τούτων τοίνυν φημὶ χρῆναι ἀφεμένους ὑμᾶς προθυμίᾳ τῇ πάσῃ ὁμόσε τοῖς ἐν Περυσίᾳ πολεμίοις ἰέναι. ἢν γὰρ ἐκείνους ἐξελεῖν δυνήσησθε, αὖθις ὑμῖν τὰ τῆς τύχης ἐν καλῷ κείσεται.

Dewing For never to make mistakes could be predicated only of God. Consequently I say that you must abandon this attitude and with all enthusiasm grapple with the enemy in Perusia. For if you prove able to capture them, Fortune will again smile upon you.

Greek τὸ μὲν γὰρ ξυμπεσὸν οὐδ’ ἂν ὁ πᾶς αἰὼν ἀποίητον τίθεσθαι δύναιτο, εὐτυχημάτων δὲ ἄλλων ἐπιγινομένων τοῖς ἐπταικόσι λελωφηκέναι ξυμβαίνει τὴν τῶν κακῶν μνήμην.

Dewing For while that which has happened could never be undone by all eternity, still when fresh successes fall to the lot of those who have met with reverse, it comes about that the memory of evil days is made lighter. "And you will achieve the mastery of Perusia without any trouble.

Greek Ἔσται δὲ ὑμῖν ἡ Περυσίας ἐπικράτησις οὐδενὶ πόνῳ. Κυπριανὸς γὰρ ὃς τῶν ἐνταῦθα Ῥωμαίων ἦρχε, τύχῃ τε καὶ βουλαῖς ἡμετέραις ἐκποδὼν γέγονε, πλῆθος δὲ ἄναρχον ἄλλως τε καὶ τῶν ἀναγκαίων ὑποσπανίζον ἀνδραγαθίζεσθαι ἥκιστα πέφυκεν.

Dewing For Cyprian, who was commander of the Romans there, has been put out of the way by fortune, coupled with our planning, and an ungoverned multitude, particularly when scantily supplied with the necessities of life, is quite incapable of offering a brave resistance.

Greek οὐ μὴν οὐδὲ ὄπισθέν τις ἐς ἡμᾶς κακουργήσει· τάς τε γὰρ τοῦ ποταμοῦ γεφύρας τούτου ἕνεκα καθελεῖν ἔγνωκα, ὡς μή τι πάθοιμεν ἐξ ἐπιδρομῆς ἀπροσδόκητον, καὶ ὑπόπτους ξυμβαίνει Βελισάριόν τε καὶ Ἰωάννην ἀλλήλοις εἶναι, ὅπερ διὰ τῶν πεπραγμένων ὁρᾶν πάρεστι.

Dewing Nor indeed will anyone harm us from the rear; for not only have I seen fit to destroy the bridges over the river, with this purpose, that we might suffer no loss from unexpected assaults, but it is also true that Belisarius and John are regarding each other with suspicion, a fact which can be seen from previous events.

Greek γνῶμαι γὰρ ἀλλήλαις μαχόμεναι διὰ τῶν ἔργων ἐλέγχονται. οὐκοῦν οὐδέ πη ἀλλήλοις ἐπιμίγνυσθαι ἐς τόδε τοῦ χρόνου δεδύνηνται. ἀναχαιτίζει γὰρ ἑκάτερον ἡ ἐς ἀλλήλους ἀμφοῖν ὑποψία. οἷς δ’ ἂν αὕτη ἐγγένηται, φθόνον τε καὶ ἔχθος ἐπάναγκες ξυνοικίζεσθαι.

Dewing For the conflict of men's judgments, one with the other, is clearly detected by their actions. This indeed is the reason why they have not even be able to join forces with each other up to this time. For their mutual suspicion disconcerts each of them; and those who admit this feeling are bound to harbour envy and hostility besides.

Greek ὧν δὴ μεταξὺ ἐπιπεσόντων γενέσθαι τι τῶν δεόντων ἀδύνατον.” τοσαῦτα ὁ Τουτίλας εἰπὼν ἐπὶ Περυσίαν ἐξῆγε τὸ στράτευμα, ἐνταῦθά τε ἀφικόμενοι ἄγχιστα τοῦ περιβόλου ἐστρατοπεδεύσαντο καὶ ἐγκαθεζόμενοι ἐς πολιορκίαν καθίσταντο.

Dewing And when these passions assault men, no needful thing can be done." After this speech Totila led forth his army against Perusia, and, upon their arrival at that city, they made camp hard by the circuit-wall and established themselves for a siege.