第7巻 第21章

Greek Τῇ δὲ ὑστεραίᾳ Γότθους ἅπαντας ξυγκαλέσας ὁ Τουτίλας ἔλεξε τοιάδε· “Οὐ καινήν τινα οὐδὲ ἀγνῶτα ὑμῖν παραίνεσιν ποιησόμενος ἐνθάδε ὑμᾶς, ἄνδρες ξυστρατιῶται, ξυνήγαγον, ἀλλ’ ἐκεῖνα ἐρῶν, ἅπερ ἐγὼ μὲν πολλάκις ἐς ὑμᾶς εἶπον, ὑμῖν δὲ αὐτὰ ἐνδεξαμένοις τὰ μέγιστα τῶν ἀγαθῶν ξυνηνέχθη γενέσθαι.

Dewing On the day following the capture Totila gathered all the Goths together and spoke as follows: "Fellow-soldiers, it is not with the purpose of making to you any new or unknown exhortation that I have brought you together in this place, but in order to say those very things which I have often said to you, and which you for your part have heeded with the result that the greatest of blessings have fallen to your lot.

Greek μὴ τοίνυν τινὶ ὀλιγωρίᾳ διὰ τοῦτο ἐς τὴν παραίνεσιν τανῦν χρήσησθε.

Dewing Do not, therefore, on this account regard this present exhortation as of little moment.

Greek λόγων γὰρ τῶν ἐς εὐδαιμονίαν ἀγόντων κόρον οὐκ εἰκὸς ἀνθρώπῳ γενέσθαι, κἂν τῇ πολυλογίᾳ τις ἀποκναίειν δοκῇ· ἐπεὶ οὐδὲ πρὸς τὴν ἐξ αὐτῶν εὐεργεσίαν ἀπειπεῖν ἄξιον.

Dewing For when words lead to good fortune, men ought not to feel surfeit of them, even though the speaker seem to wear out his hearers with much speaking; for they cannot reasonably reject the benefit gained from such words.

Greek λέγω δὲ ὅτι πρώην μὲν ἐς μυριάδας εἴκοσι μαχιμωτάτων ξυνιόντες στρατιωτῶν πλούτῳ τε ὑπερφυεῖ χρώμενοι καὶ ἵππων τε καὶ ὅπλων περιουσίαν τινά, ὡς ἔνι μάλιστα, ἐνδεικνύμενοι, καὶ γερόντων ξυνετωτάτων πολὺν ὅμιλον, ὅπερ τοῖς ἐς ἀγῶνας καθισταμένοις ξυμφορώτατον εἶναι δοκεῖ, πρὸς ἀνδρῶν ἑπτακισχιλίων Γραικῶν ἡσσηθέντες, τήν τε ἀρχὴν καὶ τὰ ἄλλα ξύμπαντα λόγῳ οὐδενὶ ἀφῃρήμεθα.

Dewing Now what I would say is this: only yesterday, as it were, we assembled a host of two hundred thousand most warlike soldiers, we had at our disposal enormous wealth, and could display a lavish abundance of both horses and arms, we had a numerous company of mature men of the greatest discretion — a circumstance considered most advantageous for those entering upon a war — and yet, with all this in our favour, we were vanquished by five thousand Greeklings,⁠ and for no good reason were stripped of our power and everything else that was ours.

Greek νῦν δ’ ἡμῖν ἐς ὀλίγους ἀπολειφθεῖσι γυμνούς τε καὶ οἰκτροὺς καὶ οὐδ’ ὁτουοῦν τῶν πάντων ἐμπείρους κρατεῖν τῶν πολεμίων πλέον ἢ δισμυρίων ὄντων τετύχηκε.

Dewing But now it has been our fortune, though reduced to a small number, destitute of arms and in pitiable plight and without any experience at all, to gain the mastery over an enemy more than twenty thousand strong.

Greek τὰ μὲν οὖν πεπραγμένα συλλήβδην εἰπεῖν τοιαῦτά ἐστι· τὰς δὲ τῶν οὕτω ξυμβαινόντων αἰτίας ἐν εἰδόσιν ὑμῖν αὐτίκα δηλώσω· ὅτι Γότθοι μὲν πρότερον τῶν ἄλλων ἁπάντων περὶ ἐλάσσονος πεποιημένοι τὸ δίκαιον, ἔπρασσον ἔς τε ἀλλήλους καὶ τοὺς κατηκόους Ῥωμαίους ἀνόσια ἔργα, οἷς δή, ὡς τὸ εἰκός, ἠγμένος ὁ θεὸς ἐπ’ αὐτοὺς τὸτε ξὺν τοῖς πολεμίοις ἐστράτευσε.

Dewing Our experience, then, to put it in a word, has been such as I have described. But the causes of this outcome, though you know them full well, I must now state to you. The Goths in earlier times paid less heed to justice than to any other thing, and treated each other and their Roman subjects as well in an unholy manner; wherefore God was then moved to take the field against them on the side of their enemies.

Greek καὶ διὰ ταῦτα πλήθει τε καὶ ἀρετῇ καὶ τῇ ἄλλῃ τοῦ πολέμου παρασκευῇ τῶν ἐναντίων παρὰ πολὺ ὑπεραίροντες δυνάμει τινὶ ἀφανεῖ τε καὶ ὡς ἥκιστα γινωσκομένῃ ἡσσήθημεν.

Dewing And so, although we were far superior to our opponents in number and in valour and in the general equipment for war, we were defeated by a power which was invisible and quite uncomprehended.

Greek οὐκοῦν τὸ φυλάξαι τὰ ἀγαθὰ ἐφ’ ὑμῖν κείσεται, διασώζουσι δηλονότι τὸ δίκαιον. μεταβαλλομένοις γὰρ καὶ τὰ παρὰ τοῦ θεοῦ αὐτίκα δὴ μάλα πολέμια ἔσται.

Dewing It will therefore rest with you to guard your blessings — manifestly by continuing to observe justice. For if you change your course, God too will instantly change His favour and become hostile to you.

Greek οὐ γὰρ ἀνθρώπων γένει οὐδὲ φύσει ἐθνῶν ξυμμαχεῖν εἴωθεν, ἀλλ’ οἷς ἂν μᾶλλον ὁ τοῦ δικαίου λόγος τιμῷτο. πόνος τε οὐδεὶς αὐτῷ τἀγαθὰ ἐφ’ ἑτέρους μετενεγκεῖν.

Dewing For it is not His wont to fight with a race of men or a particular nation, but with such as shew the greater honour to justice. And for Him it is no labour to transfer his blessings from one people to the other.

Greek ἀνθρώπῳ μὲν γὰρ τὸ μὴ ἀδικεῖν μόνον ἐν γνώμῃ ἐστί, θεῷ δὲ ξύμπαντα ἐν τῇ ἐξουσίᾳ πέφυκε κεῖσθαι.

Dewing For whereas only to refrain from wrong-doing inheres in the will of man, God by His very nature has all things in His power.

Greek φημὶ τοίνυν ὑμᾶς χρῆναι τὴν δικαιοσύνην ἔς τε ἀλλήλους καὶ τοὺς κατηκόους τηρεῖν. ταὐτὸν γὰρ ἂν εἴη λέγειν τὴν εὐημερίαν ἐς ἀεὶ διασώζεσθαι.”

Dewing I say, therefore, that you must observe justice strictly both in your dealings with each other and with your subjects; for it would amount to the same thing to tell you to preserve your good fortune for ever."

Greek Τοσαῦτα ὁ Τουτίλας ἐς τοὺς Γότθους εἰπὼν καὶ τοὺς ἐκ τῆς Ῥωμαίων βουλῆς ξυγκαλέσας πολλὰ ὠνείδισέ τε καὶ ἐκάκισεν, οἳ δὴ πολλὰ πρός τε Θευδερίχου καὶ Ἀταλαρίχου ἀγαθὰ πεπονθότες, ἐπί τε τῆς ἀρχῆς ἁπάσης αὐτοὶ ἐς ἀεὶ καταστάντες καὶ τήν τε πολιτείαν διοικησάμενοι, πλούτου τε περιβεβλημένοι μέγα τι χρῆμα, εἶτα ἐς Γότθους τοὺς εὐεργέτας πολλῇ ἀγνωμοσύνῃ ἐχόμενοι, ἐς ἀπόστασίν τε οὐ δέον ἐπὶ τῷ σφετέρῳ πονηρῷ ἴδοιεν καὶ τοὺς Γραικοὺς ἐπὶ τῇ πατρίδι ἐπαγάγοιντο, προδόται σφῶν αὐτῶν ἐκ τοῦ αἰφνιδίου γεγενημένοι.

Dewing After Totila had made this speech before the Goths, he likewise called together the members of the Roman senate, and reproached and abused them at length, saying that, although they had received many benefits from both Theoderic and Atalaric, in that they themselves had always been appointed to the chief offices throughout the kingdom and had thus administered the government, and had, furthermore, amassed vast wealth, still they had acted with such ingratitude toward the Goths, their benefactors, that, regardless of their obligations, they had planned a revolt to their own harm, and brought in the Greeks⁠ to attack their fatherland, thus turning traitors to themselves on the impulse of the moment.

Greek καὶ ἀνεπυνθάνετο μὲν εἴ τι πρὸς Γότθων πάθοιεν αὐτοὶ κακὸν πώποτε.

Dewing Then, after enquiring whether they had ever suffered any personal harm at the hands of the Goths,

Greek λέγειν δὲ ἠνάγκαζεν, εἴ τι ἀγαθὸν σφίσι πρὸς Ἰουστινιανοῦ βασιλέως ξυμβαίνοι, καταλέγων ἐφεξῆς ἅπαντα, ὅτι δὴ τὰς μὲν ἀρχὰς ἀφῄρηντο σχεδόν τι ἁπάσας, πρὸς δὲ τῶν καλουμένων λογοθετῶν αἰκιζόμενοι λογισμοὺς ἐκτίνειν τῶν σφίσιν ἐς Γότθους πεπολιτευμένων ἀναγκασθεῖεν καὶ τῷ πολέμῳ κεκακωμένοι φόρους τοὺς δημοσίους οὐδέν τι ἐνδεέστερον ἢ ἐν τῇ εἰρήνῃ τοῖς Γραικοῖς φέροιεν· ἄλλα τε πολλὰ ἐνετίθει τῷ λόγῳ, ὅσα δεσπότην δυσμενῆ τοὺς δεδουλωμένους ὀνειδίζειν εἰκός.

Dewing he compelled them to state whether any good thing came to them from the Emperor Justinian, reviewing all that had happened in order: first, they had, he said, been stripped of practically all the offices; second, they had been maltreated by the logothetes,⁠ as they were called, in that they had been compelled to settle accounts for their treatment of the Goths during their official careers; and, third, although they were in dire straits on account of the war, they were paying the Greeks not a whit less in public taxes than in times of peace. And he included many other things too in his speech, such things as an angry master might be expected to say in upbraiding men who have become his slaves.

Greek Ἡρωδιανόν τε αὐτοῖς ἐνδεικνύμενος καὶ τοὺς τὴν πόλιν αὐτῷ παραδόντας Ἰσαύρους “Ὑμεῖς μέν” ἔφη “ξύντροφοι Γότθοις γεγενημένοι οὐδὲ χῶρόν τινα ἔρημον ἐς τήνδε ἡμῖν ἐνδιδόναι τὴν ἡμέραν ἐγνώκατε, οἵδε δὲ ἡμᾶς Ῥώμῃ τε αὐτῇ καὶ Σπολιτίῳ ἐδέξαντο.

Dewing Then he set before them Herodian and the Isaurians who had handed over the city to him, and said: "You, who have been reared together with the Goths, have not up to the present day seen fit to surrender to us even one empty town, but these men have received us into Rome itself and Spolitium.

Greek διόπερ ὑμεῖς μὲν ἐν οἰκετῶν λόγῳ γεγένησθε, οὗτοι δὲ Γότθοις φίλοι τε, ὡς τὸ εἰκός, καὶ ξυγγενεῖς γεγενημένοι τὰς ὑμετέρας

Dewing By this action you have been reduced to the rank of household slaves, while these men, seeing that they have really proved themselves friends and kinsmen of the Goths, will hold your offices hereafter."

Greek ἀρχὰς τὸ λοιπὸν ἕξουσιν.” οἱ μὲν οὖν πατρίκιοι ταῦτα ἀκούοντες σιωπῇ εἴχοντο. Πελάγιος δὲ Τουτίλαν ὑπὲρ ἀνδρῶν ἐπταικότων τε καὶ δεδυστυχηκότων παραιτούμενος οὐκέτι ἀνίει, ἕως αὐτοὺς φιλανθρωπίας ὑπόσχεσιν ποιησάμενος ἀπεπέμψατο.

Dewing Now when the patricians heard this, they sat in silence. But Pelagius began to plead with Totila for them as men who had suffered reverse and misfortune, and would not let him go until he made them a promise of kind treatment and thus sent them away.

Greek Ἔπειτα δὲ Πελάγιόν τε καὶ τῶν ἐν Ῥώμῃ ῥητόρων ἕνα, Θεόδωρον ὄνομα, πρέσβεις ἐς βασιλέα Ἰουστινιανὸν ἔστειλεν, ὅρκοις αὐτοὺς δεινοτάτοις καταλαβών, ὅτι τε εὐνοίᾳ ἐς αὐτὸν χρήσονται καὶ ἀναστρέφειν ὅτι τάχιστα ἐς τὴν Ἰταλίαν ἐν σπουδῇ ἕξουσιν.

Dewing After this he sent Pelagius and one of the Roman orators, Theodorus by name, as envoys to the Emperor Justinian, having bound them by most solemn oaths that they would remain loyal to him and would make every effort to return to Italy as quickly as possible.

Greek ἐπέστελλέ τε αὐτοῖς τὴν εἰρήνην οἱ παντὶ σθένει παρὰ βασιλέως πορίζεσθαι, ὅπως δὴ μὴ αὐτὸς ἀναγκάζηται Ῥώμην ἐς ἔδαφος καθελὼν ξύμπασαν καὶ τοὺς ἐκ τῆς συγκλήτου διαφθείρας βουλῆς ἐς Ἰλλυριοὺς τὸν πόλεμον ἄγειν. καὶ γράμματα δὲ Ἰουστινιανῷ βασιλεῖ ἔγραψεν.

Dewing And he instructed them to exert themselves to the utmost to secure peace for him from the emperor, in order, as he said, that he, for his part, might not be compelled to raze Rome entirely to the ground, to destroy the members of the senate, and to carry the war into Illyricum. And he also wrote a letter to the Emperor Justinian.

Greek ἤδη μὲν οὖν βασιλεὺς ἠκηκόει τὰ ἐν Ἰταλίᾳ ξυμπεπτωκότα. ἐπεὶ δὲ καὶ οἱ πρέσβεις παρ’ αὐτὸν ἦλθον, ἀπήγγειλάν τε ὅσα ὁ Τουτίλας σφίσιν ἐπέστελλε καὶ τὴν ἐπιστολὴν ἐνεχείρισαν.

Dewing Now the emperor had already heard of what had taken place in Italy. But when later on the envoys came before him, they delivered the message which Totila had instructed them to bring and put the letter into his hands.

Greek Ἐδήλου δὲ ἡ γραφὴ τάδε· “Ὅσα μὲν ἐν Ῥωμαίων τῇ πόλει γενέσθαι ξυνέβη, ἐπεὶ μεμαθηκέναι σε ἅπαντα οἶμαι, σιωπᾶν ἔγνωκα.

Dewing Now the contents of the letter were as follows: "As to what has transpired in the city of Rome, since I suppose thou hast learned everything, I have decided to remain silent.

Greek ὧν δὲ ἕνεκα τοὺς πρέσβεις ἀπέσταλκα τούσδε αὐτίκα εἴσῃ. αἰτούμεθα τὰ ἐκ τῆς εἰρήνης καλὰ σέ τε προσίεσθαι αὐτὸν καὶ ἡμῖν ξυγχωρεῖν.

Dewing But as to the purpose for which I have sent these envoys, thou shalt straightway be informed. We demand that thou, for thy part, take to thyself the advantages which flow from peace and also grant them to us.

Greek ὧνπερ μνημεῖά τε καὶ παραδείγματα κάλλιστα ἔχομεν Ἀναστάσιόν τε καὶ Θευδέριχον, οἳ βεβασιλεύκασι μὲν οὐ πολλῷ πρότερον, εἰρήνης δὲ καὶ ἀγαθῶν πραγμάτων ἅπαντα ἐνεπλήσαντο τὸν κατ’ αὐτοὺς χρόνον.

Dewing these advantages are recalled and exemplified most admirably in the lives of Anastasius and Theoderic, who ruled as kings not long ago, and filled their whole reigns with peace and prosperity.

Greek ἢν γάρ σοι ταῦτά ποτε βουλομένῳ εἴη, πατήρ τε ἂν ἐμὸς εἰκότως καλοῖο καὶ ξυμμάχους

Dewing And if this same condition should perchance please thee, thou wouldst properly be called my father, and thou wilt also have us hereafter as allies against whomsoever thou mayest wish to use us."

Greek ἡμᾶς ἐφ’ οὓς ἂν βούλοιο τὸ λοιπὸν ἕξεις.” ταῦτα ἐπεὶ βασιλεὺς Ἰουστινιανὸς ἀπενεχθέντα εἶδε, καὶ τοὺς λόγους τῶν πρέσβεων ἅπαντας ἤκουσεν, ἀπεπέμψατο αὐτοὺς αὐτίκα δὴ μάλα, τοῦτό τε μόνον αὐτοῖς ἀποκρινόμενος καὶ Τουτίλᾳ γράψας, ὅτι δὴ αὐτοκράτορα τοῦ πολέμου πεποίηται Βελισάριον, κύριός τε διὰ τοῦτο ἐκεῖνος εἴη τὰ πρὸς Τουτίλαν ὅπως βούλοιτο διοικήσασθαι.

Dewing When the Emperor Justinian saw this letter thus brought to him, and heard all the words of the envoys, he dismissed them instantly, giving them only this reply and writing it to Totila, that he had made Belisarius supreme commander in the war, and that he, consequently, had full power to make such settlement with Totila as he wished.