第7巻 第16章

Greek Βιγίλιος δέ, ὁ τῆς Ῥώμης ἀρχιερεύς, βασιλεῖ ἐς Βυζάντιον ἐκ Σικελίας μετάπεμπτος ἦλθεν. ἐτύγχανε γὰρ πολύν τινα χρόνον διὰ τοῦτο ἐν Σικελίᾳ διατριβὴν ἔχων.

Dewing And Vigilius, the chief priest of Rome, in obedience to the emperor's summons, came to Byzantium from Sicily; for he had been waiting a considerable time in Sicily for this summons.

Greek Ὑπὸ τοῦτον τὸν χρόνον Ῥωμαῖοι ἐν Πλακεντίᾳ πολιορκούμενοι ἁπάντων ἤδη σφᾶς τῶν ἀναγκαίων παντάπασιν ἐπιλιπόντων ἐς βρώσεις οὐχ ὁσίας τινάς, βιαζόμενοι τῷ λιμῷ, ἦλθον.

Dewing It was at about this time that the Romans besieged in Placentia, seeing that all their provisions had now been completely exhausted, resorted to foods of an unnatural sought under constraint of famine.

Greek καὶ μὴν καὶ ἀλλήλων ἐγεύσαντο. καὶ διὰ τοῦτο σφᾶς τε αὐτοὺς καὶ Πλακεντίαν ὁμολογίᾳ Γότθοις παρέδωκαν.

Dewing In fact they had actually tasted each other's flesh. And it was because of this situation that they came to terms with the Goths and surrendered both themselves and Placentia to them. Such was the course of events here.

Greek Ταῦτα μὲν οὖν τῇδε ἐχώρησε καὶ Ῥώμην πρὸς Τουτίλα πολιορκουμένην ἅπαντα ἤδη τὰ ἀναγκαῖα ἐπελελοίπει.

Dewing At Rome likewise, as it laboured under the siege of Totila, all the necessaries of life had already failed.

Greek ἦν δέ τις ἐν τοῖς Ῥώμης ἱερεῦσιν, ὄνομα μὲν Πελάγιος, διάκονος δὲ τὴν τιμήν, ὃς δὴ ἐν Βυζαντίῳ χρόνον διατρίψας συχνὸν φίλος μὲν ἐς τὰ μάλιστα Ἰουστινιανῷ βασιλεῖ γέγονε, χρήματα δὲ περιβεβλημένος μεγάλα ἐς Ῥώμην ὀλίγῳ ἔμπροσθεν ἐτύγχανεν ἀφικόμενος.

Dewing Now there was a certain man among the priests of Rome, Pelagius by name, holding the office of deacon; he had passed a considerable time in Byzantium and had there become especially intimate with the Emperor Justinian, and it so happened that he had a short time previously arrived at Rome possessed of a great fortune.

Greek ἐν ταύτῃ τε τῇ πολιορκίᾳ τοῖς τῶν ἀναγκαίων ἀπορουμένοις πλεῖστα τῶν χρημάτων προέμενος, ὢν καὶ πρότερον ἔν γε Ἰταλιώταις ἅπασι δόκιμος, μεῖζον, ὡς τὸ εἰκός, ἐπὶ φιλανθρωπίᾳ κλέος ἀπήνεγκε.

Dewing And during this siege he had bestowed a great part of his fortune upon those destitute of the necessaries of life; and thus, though he had been a notable person even before that time, among all the Italians, now quite naturally he won still greater renown for philanthropy.

Greek τοῦτον Ῥωμαῖοι τὸν Πελάγιον, ἐπειδὴ τὰ ἀμήχανα τῷ λιμῷ ἔπασχον, πείθουσι παρὰ Τουτίλαν τε ἰέναι καὶ ἡμερῶν ὀλίγων τινῶν ἐκεχειρίαν διαπράξασθαι σφίσιν, ἐφ’ ᾧ, ἢν μή τις αὐτοῖς ἐπικουρία ταύτης δὴ ἐντὸς τῆς ἐκεχειρίας ἐκ Βυζαντίου ἀφίκηται, σφᾶς τε αὐτοὺς ὁμολογίᾳ καὶ τὴν πόλιν Γότθοις ἐνδώσουσιν.

Dewing So the Romans, finding their situation desperate by reason of the famine, persuaded this Pelagius to go before Totila and negotiate for them an armistice of only a few days, the understanding to be that, if within the time of that armistice no help should reach them from Byzantium, they would surrender both themselves and the city to the Goths.

Greek ἐπὶ ταύτῃ δὴ τῇ πρεσβείᾳ Πελάγιος παρὰ Τουτίλαν ἦλθεν. ἥκοντά τε αὐτὸν ὁ Τουτίλας ἀσπασάμενος αἰδοῖ τε καὶ φιλοφροσύνῃ πολλῇ πρῶτος ἔλεξεν ὧδε·

Dewing Pelagius accordingly went on this mission to Totila. And when he came, Totila greeted him with great respect and friendliness, and then spoke first as follows:

Greek “Πᾶσι μέν, ὡς ἐπὶ πλεῖστον εἰπεῖν, νόμος βαρβάροις τὸ χρῆμα τῶν πρέσβεων σέβειν, ἐμοὶ δὲ τοὺς τῆς ἀρετῆς τι μεταποιουμένους, οἷος αὐτὸς εἶ, καὶ ἄλλως τιμᾶν ἐν σπουδῇ ἄνωθεν γέγονε.

Dewing "Among all barbarian peoples it is a well-nigh universal custom to reverence the office of ambassadors, and I for my part have always been eager to honour particularly those, such as yourself, who can lay claim to excellence.

Greek τιμὴν δὲ καὶ ὕβριν ἐς ἄνδρα πρεσβευτὴν οὐ πρᾳότητι προσώπων οὐδὲ ῥημάτων ὄγκῳ τῶν ὑποδεξαμένων διακεκρίσθαι οἶμαι, ἀλλ’ ἔν γε τῷ ἀληθίζεσθαι ἢ λόγοις οὐχ ὑγιαίνουσιν ἐς αὐτὸν χρῆσθαι.

Dewing Now it is my opinion that the distinction between honour and insult to a man clothed with the office of ambassador is not made by a smiling countenance or bombastic utterances on the part of those who receive him, but either by simply speaking the truth or, on the other hand, by addressing him with insincere speeches.

Greek τετιμῆσθαι μὲν γὰρ διαφερόντως ἐκείνῳ ξυμβαίνει, ὅτῳ ἂν ἐκ τοῦ εὐθέος ἀποκαλύψαντες τὸν ἀληθῆ λόγον, οὕτω τὸν ἄνθρωπον ἀποπέμποιντο, περιυβρίσθαι δὲ πάντων μάλιστα τῷ πρεσβευτῇ τούτῳ, ὃς ἃν ὑπούλων τε καὶ ξυμπεπλασμένων ἀκούσας ῥημάτων ἀπιὼν οἴχοιτο.

Dewing For signal honour, on the one hand, is conferred upon him who has not been dismissed until the truth has been disclosed to him with directness, but the greatest possible insult, on the other hand, has been heaped upon that ambassador who takes his departure after hearing only deceitful and insincere phrases.

Greek τριῶν τοίνυν ἐκτός, ὦ Πελάγιε, τῶν ἄλλων ἁπάντων, ὅτου ἂν δεηθείης, οὐ μή ποτε πρὸς ἡμῶν ἀτυχήσεις.

Dewing Now, therefore, O Pelagius, with the exception of three things you will never fail to receive from us whatever you may crave.

Greek ἃ δὴ φυλασσόμενόν σε σιωπᾶν ἄμεινον, ὅπως μὴ σαυτῷ αἰτιώτατος γεγονὼς τοῦ μηδὲν ἀνύειν ὧν ἕνεκα ἦλθες τὴν ὑπὲρ αὐτῶν μέμψιν ἡμῖν ἀναθήσεις.

Dewing These things, then, you had best avoid and pass by without mention, so that you may not, though having been yourself most to blame for failing to accomplish any of the objects of your coming, impute to us the blame for this failure.

Greek τῷ γὰρ μὴ ἐπιτηδείως τοῖς παροῦσιν αἰτεῖσθαι τὸ μηδὲν κατορθοῦν ἐκ τοῦ ἐπὶ πλεῖστον ἐμπέφυκε. λέγω δὲ ὅπως μήτε Σικελιωτῶν τινος ἕνεκα μήτε τῶν Ῥώμης περιβόλων, ἢ τῶν προσκεχωρηκότων ἡμῖν οἰκετῶν, τοὺς λόγους ποιήσεις.

Dewing For the inevitable consequence of making a request inappropriate to the actual situation is generally failure to gain one's object. I warn you, then, that you are to make no plea in the interest of either anyone of the Sicilians, or the fortifications of Rome, or the slaves who have put themselves under our protection.

Greek οὐ γὰρ οἷόν τέ ἐστιν ἢ Γότθους φειδοῖ ἐς Σικελιωτῶν τινα χρήσεσθαι, ἢ τόδε τὸ τεῖχος ἑστάναι, ἢ δούλους τοὺς ξὺν ἡμῖν στρατευσαμένους τοῖς πάλαι κεκτημένοις δουλεύειν. τοῦ δὲ μὴ δοκεῖν ἀλογίστῳ ταῦτα προτείνεσθαι γνώμῃ τῷ τὰς αἰτίας αὐτίκα ἐξειπεῖν τὴν ὑποψίαν ἐκλύσομεν.”

Dewing For it is impossible either for the Goths to shew any mercy to anyone of the Sicilians or for this wall to remain standing or for the slaves who have been serving in our army to return to the service of their former masters. And in order to avoid the appearance of advancing these demands in a spirit of unreason, we shall clear ourselves of that suspicion by stating our grounds immediately.

Greek “Ἠν μὲν ἡ νῆσος εὐδαίμων ἐκ παλαιοῦ χρημάτων προσόδῳ καὶ καρπῶν ἀφθονίᾳ τῶν ἐκεῖ φυομένων πασῶν μάλιστα, ὥστε οὐ τοῖς αὐτὴν ἐνοικοῦσιν ἐπαρκεῖν μόνον, ἀλλὰ καὶ τοὺς Ῥωμαίους ὑμᾶς ἐνθένδε εἰσκομιζομένους ἀνὰ πᾶν ἔτος τὴν τῶν ἐπιτηδείων φορὰν διαρκῶς ἔχειν.

Dewing "In the first place, then, that island⁠ from ancient times enjoyed an unrivalled degree of prosperity, as evidenced by its revenues and by the abundance of the crops produced therein, so that it not only provided enough for its inhabitants, but you Romans also were abundantly supplied by importing annually as tribute the produce of Sicilian fields.

Greek διόπερ κατ’ ἀρχὰς ἐδέοντο Θευδερίχου Ῥωμαῖοι μὴ πολλῶν ἐνταῦθα Γότθων καταστῆναι φρουράν, ὡς μηδὲν αὐτῶν τῇ ἐλευθερίᾳ ἢ τῇ ἄλλῃ εὐδαιμονίᾳ ἐμπόδιον εἴη.

Dewing It was for this reason that the Romans begged Theoderic at the beginning of his reign that no numerous garrison of Goths should be placed there, so that no check might be put upon the freedom of the inhabitants or their general prosperity.

Greek τούτων δὲ τοιούτων ὄντων κατέπλευσεν ἐς Σικελίαν ὁ τῶν πολεμίων στρατός, οὔτε ἀνδρῶν πλήθει οὔτε ἄλλῳ τῶν πάντων οὐδενὶ ἀξιόμαχοι πρὸς ἡμᾶς ὄντες.

Dewing In such circumstances the enemy's army put in at Sicily with a force which was a match for us neither in numbers of men nor in any other respect whatever.

Greek Σικελιῶται δὲ τὸν στόλον ἰδόντες οὐκ ἐς Γότθους ταῦτα ἀνήνεγκαν, οὐκ ἐν τοῖς ὀχυρώμασι καθεῖρξαν αὑτούς, οὐκ ἄλλο προσκρούειν τοῖς ἐναντίοις οὐδὲν ἔγνωσαν, ἀλλ’ ἀναπετάσαντες προθυμίᾳ τῇ πάσῃ τὰς τῶν πόλεων πύλας ἐδέξαντο ὑπτίαις χερσὶ τὸν τῶν πολεμίων στρατόν, ὥσπερ, οἶμαι, τὰ τῶν ἀνδραπόδων ἀπιστότατα, ἐκ χρόνου καιροφυλακοῦντες πολλοῦ δραπετεῦσαι μὲν τῆς τῶν κεκτημένων χειρός, νέους δέ τινας καὶ ἀγνῶτας αὑτοῖς δεσπότας εὑρεῖν.

Dewing But the Sicilians, upon seeing the fleet, did not report this to the Goths, did not even shut themselves into their strongholds, did not consent to show hostility to our adversaries in any other manner, but opening the gates of their cities with all zeal received the army of the enemy with open arms,⁠ just as I suppose the most untrustworthy slaves would do, who had for a long time been watching for the favourable moment to escape from the hand of their owners and find some new and unknown masters.

Greek ἐντεῦθέν τε ὁρμώμενοι καθάπερ ἐξ ἐπιτειχίσματος οἱ πολέμιοι τήν τε ἄλλην Ἰταλίαν ἀπονητὶ ἔσχον καὶ Ῥώμην τήνδε κατέλαβον, σῖτον ἐκ Σικελίας ἐπαγαγόμενοι τοσοῦτον τὸ πλῆθος, ὥστε πολιορκουμένοις ἐς ἐνιαυτοῦ μῆκος ἀντέχειν ξύμπασι Ῥωμαίοις.

Dewing Then by using that island as a base, the enemy, as if fighting from an advanced fortress, without difficulty distressed themselves of all Italy and seized upon this city of Rome, having brought with them from Sicily such a great quantity of grain that, though they were besieged for an entire year, it continued to suffice for the whole population of the city.

Greek τὰ μὲν οὗν Σικελιωτῶν τοιαῦτά ἐστιν, ὧνπερ αὐτοῖς Γότθους συγγνώμονας εἶναι οὐδεμία μηχανὴ ἔσται, τοῦ τῶν ἐγκλημάτων ὄγκου παραιρουμένου τοῖς ἠδικηκόσι τὸν ἔλεον.

Dewing Such is the case of the Sicilians, whose misdeeds have been such that it will be utterly impossible for the Goths to shew them forgiveness, seeing that the gravity of the accusations sweeps away all compassion for the guilty.

Greek Τούτων δὲ τῶν περιβόλων ἐντὸς καθείρξαντες αὑτοὺς οἱ πολέμιοι ἐς μὲν τὸ πεδίον καταβαίνοντες παρατάσσεσθαι ἡμῖν οὐδαμῆ ἔγνωσαν, σοφίσμασι δὲ καὶ παραγωγαῖς ἀεί τε καὶ καθ’ ἡμέραν Γότθους ἐκκρούοντες κύριοι τῶν ἡμετέρων ἐκ τοῦ παραλόγου γεγένηνται.

Dewing "In the second place, it was within these walls that our enemy shut himself and from which he was quite unwilling to come down into the plain and array himself against us, but by crafty wiles and baffling tricks, he ever flouted the Goths from day to day, and thus became, quite undeservedly, master of our possessions.

Greek ὅπως τοίνυν καὶ ὕστερον μὴ ταῦτα πάθοιμεν προνοεῖν ἄξιον. τοὺς γὰρ ἅπαξ ἀγνοίᾳ σφαλέντας ἐς τὴν αὐτὴν αὖθις ἐκπεπτωκέναι κακοπραγίαν οὐ προειδομένους τὴν ἀπὸ τῆς πείρας ἤδη συνειθισμένην αὐτοῖς συμφοράν, οὐ τύχης ἐναντίωμα γεγενῆσθαι δοκεῖ, ἀλλ’ ἐς ἄνοιαν τῶν ἐπταικότων, ὡς τὸ εἰκός,

Dewing Consequently it is worth while for us to make provision that we shall not have this same experience a second time. For when men who have once met with a reverse through ignorance fall into the same evil plight again without providing against the calamity which has already become familiar to them by experience, men believe that what has befallen them to be no adversity of fortune, but in all likelihood a proof of the folly of the victims of the disaster.

Greek περιίστασθαι. προσθείη δ’ ἄν τις ὡς καὶ τὸν Ῥώμης καθαιρεθῆναι περίβολον μάλιστα πάντων ὑμῖν ξυνοίσει. οὐδὲ μεθ’ ἑτέρων γὰρ τὸ λοιπὸν καθειργμένοι πάντων τε ἀποκεκλεισμένοι τῶν ἀναγκαίων, πολιορκηθήσεσθε πρὸς τῶν ἐπιόντων, ἀλλὰ κινδυνεύσουσι μὲν τῇ μάχῃ πρὸς ἀλλήλους ἑκάτεροι, ἆθλον δὲ τῶν νικώντων ὑμεῖς οὐ μετὰ κινδύνων ὑμετέρων γενήσεσθε.

Dewing And one might add that the destruction of the walls of Rome will benefit you above all others. For you will not hereafter be shut in with others and excluded from all the necessaries of life while you suffer siege at the hands of the assailants of the city, but, on the contrary, the two armies will stake their chances in open battle against one another, while you, without perils on your part, will simply become the prize of the victors.

Greek τῶν μέντοι προσκεχωρηκότων ἡμῖν οἰκετῶν ἕνεκα τοσαῦτα ἐροῦμεν, ὡς, ἤνπερ ἐκείνους συνταξαμένους τε ἡμῖν ἐπὶ τοὺς ἐναντίους καὶ παρ’ ἡμῶν τὴν ὁμολογίαν κεκομισμένους τοῦ μή ποτε αὐτοὺς τοῖς πάλαι κεκτημένοις προήσεσθαι τανῦν ἐγχειρίσειν ὑμῖν γνοίημεν, οὐδὲ πρὸς ὑμᾶς τὸ πιστὸν ἕξομεν.

Dewing In the third place, regarding the slaves who have put themselves under our protection, we shall say only this, that if, after they have taken their places in our ranks against our adversaries and have received from us the promise that we will never abandon them to their former masters, we should at the present juncture decide to put them into your hands, we shall have no right to be trusted by you either.

Greek οὐ γὰρ ἔστιν, οὐκ ἔστι, τὸν τῶν ξυγκειμένων ἐς τοὺς ἁπάντων οἰκτροτάτους ὀλιγωροῦντα βέβαιον ἐς τῶν ἄλλων τινὰ τὴν αὑτοῦ γνώμην ἐνδείκνυσθαι, ἀλλ’ ὥσπερ τῆς φύσεως ἄλλο τι γνώρισμα ἐς πάντας τοὺς αὐτῷ ξυμβάλλοντας τὴν ἀπιστίαν ἀεὶ περιφέρειν φιλεῖ.”

Dewing For it is impossible — impossible, I say — for the man who makes light of his covenant with the most unfortunate of men to give evidence of a spirit that can be relied on in dealing with anyone else, but he always carries along with him his untrustworthiness, just as he does any other characteristic that reveals his true nature in all his dealings with other men."

Greek Τουτίλας μὲν τοσαῦτα εἶπε, Πελάγιος δὲ ἀμείβεται ὧδε· “Κατεσπουδάσθαι σοι μάλιστα πάντων ἐμέ τε, ὦ γενναῖε, καὶ τὸ τῆς πρεσβείας ὑπειπὼν ὄνομα ἐν μοίρᾳ ἡμᾶς τῇ ἀτιμοτάτῃ ξυνέταξας.

Dewing Thus spoke Totila; and Pelagius replied as follows: "Though you began, excellent Sir, by saying that you have the very greatest admiration not only for me, but also for the ambassadorial title, you have in fact assigned us to the very lowest grade of dishonour.

Greek ὑβρίζειν γὰρ εἰς ἄνδρα φίλον τε καὶ πρεσβευτὴν ἔγωγε οἶμαι οὐχ ὃς ἂν κατὰ κόρρης πατάξαι καὶ τῇ ἄλλῃ ἀσελγείᾳ ἐς αὐτὸν χρήσαιτο, ἀλλ’ ὃς ἂν ἄπρακτον ἀποπέμψασθαι τὸν ἐς αὐτὸν ἥκοντα γνοίη.

Dewing Indeed I for my part think that he who really insults one who is both friend and ambassador is not the man who may strike him on the head or otherwise maltreat him, but rather he who decides to allow his visitor to depart with his mission unaccomplished.

Greek οὐ γὰρ ὅπως τιμῆς πρὸς τῶν ὑποδεξαμένων τινὸς τύχωσι, καθεῖναι αὑτοὺς ἐς τὴν πρεσβείαν εἰώθασιν ἄνθρωποι, ἀλλ’ ὅπως τι ἀγαθὸν διαπεπραγμένοι τοῖς ἐσταλκόσιν ἐς αὐτοὺς ἐπανήξωσιν.

Dewing For it is not with the purpose of achieving any honour at the hands of those who receive them that men are accustomed to submit to the labours of an embassy, but in order that they may return with some good accomplished to those who have sent them.

Greek ὥστε προπηλακισθέντας ξυνοίσει μᾶλλον διαπεπρᾶχθαί τι ὧν ἕνεκα ἦλθον ἢ λόγων ἐπιεικεστέρων ἀκούσαντας τῆς ἐλπίδος ἀποτυχόντας ἐπανελθεῖν. παραιτεῖσθαι μὲν οὖν οὐκ οἶδα ὅ τι δεῖ περὶ τούτων ὧν αὐτὸς εἴρηκας.

Dewing Consequently, it will be more favourable to their purpose to have been treated with wanton counterpart and still have accomplished some of the objects for which they came, then, after hearing more courteous words, to return disappointed in their hope. Turning now to the present situation, I know not what plea I ought to make concerning those things which you yourself have mentioned.

Greek τί γὰρ ἄν τις ἐνοχλοίη τόν γε πρὸ τῆς ἀπολογίας ἀπειπόντα τὴν ξύμβασιν ; ἐκεῖνο δὲ οὐκ ἂν σιωπῴην, ὡς ἔνδηλος εἶ ὁπόσην ἐς Ῥωμαίους τοὺς σοὶ ὅπλα ἀντάραντας φιλανθρωπίαν ἐνδείκνυσθαι μέλλεις, ὃς ἐς Σικελιώτας τοὺς οὐδαμῆ σοι ἀπηντηκότας ἀκήρυκτον τὸ ἔχθος ἐξενεγκεῖν ἔγνως.

Dewing For why should one importune him who had refused an agreement before hearing the plea? This, however, I could not leave unsaid, that it is clear what measure of kindness you are purposing to display toward the Romans who have taken up arms against you seeing that, with regard to the Sicilians, you have determined to vent your enmity upon them without mercy, though they have in no way opposed you.

Greek ἀλλ’ ἔγωγε μεθεὶς τὴν πρὸς σὲ δέησιν τὴν πρεσβείαν ἐς τὸν θεὸν μεταθήσομαι, ὃς δὴ τοῖς τὰς ἱκεσίας ὑπερφρονοῦσι νεμεσᾶν εἴωθε.”

Dewing But as for me, I shall give over my petition to you and refer my mission to God, who is accustomed to send retribution upon those who scorn the prayers of suppliants."