第6巻 第6章

Greek Οἱ δὲ βάρβαροι εὐθὺς μὲν ἀπεγίνωσκόν τε τὸν πόλεμον καὶ ὅπως ἐνθένδε ἀναχωρήσωσιν ἐν βουλῇ εἶχον, πρός τε τοῦ λοιμοῦ καὶ τῶν πολεμίων διεφθαρμένοι, ἐς ὀλίγους τε ἤδη ἐκ μυριάδων περιεστηκότες πολλῶν, οὐχ ἥκιστα δὲ καὶ τῷ λιμῷ ἐπιέζοντο τῷ μὲν λόγῳ πολιορκοῦντες, ἔργῳ δὲ πολιορκούμενοι πρὸς τῶν ἐναντίων καὶ πάντων ἀποκεκλεισμένοι τῶν ἀναγκαίων.

Dewing Now the barbarians straightway began to despair of winning the war and were considering how they might withdraw from Rome, inasmuch as they had suffered the ravages both of the pestilence and of the enemy, and were now reduced from many tens of thousands to a few men; and, not least of all, they were in a state of distress by reason of the famine, and while in name they were carrying on a siege, they were in fact being besieged by their opponents and were shut off from all necessities.

Greek ἐπεὶ δὲ καὶ στράτευμα ἕτερον ἐλθεῖν τοῖς πολεμίοις κατὰ γῆν τε καὶ θάλασσαν ἐκ Βυζαντίου ἐπύθοντο, οὐχ ὅσον ἐτύγχανεν ὄν, ἀλλ’ ὅσον ἡ τῆς φήμης ἐξουσία ποιεῖν ἴσχυε, κατωρρωδηκότες τὸν κίνδυνον τὴν ἀναχώρησιν ἐν βουλῇ ἐποιοῦντο.

Dewing And when they learned that still another army had come to their enemy from Byzantium both by land and by sea — not being informed as to its actual size, but supposing it to be as large as the free play of rumour was able to make it, — they became terrified at the danger and began to plan for their departure.

Greek ἔπεμψαν οὖν πρέσβεις ἐς Ῥώμην, Ῥωμαῖον ἄνδρα ἐν Γότθοις δόκιμον τρίτον αὐτόν, ὃς παρὰ Βελισάριον ἐλθὼν ἔλεξε τοιάδε·

Dewing They accordingly sent three envoys to Rome, one of whom was a Roman of note among the Goths, and he, coming before Belisarius, spoke as follows:

Greek “Ὡς μὲν οὐδετέροις ἡμῶν ἐς τὸ ξυμφέρον τὰ τοῦ πολέμου κεχώρηκεν ἐξεπίσταται ἡμῶν ἕκαστος ἐς αὐτὴν ἥκων τῶν ἐνθένδε δυσκόλων τὴν πεῖραν.

Dewing "That the war has not turned out to the advantage of either side each of us knows well, since we both have had actual experience of its hardships.

Greek τί γὰρ ἄν τις ἑκατέρων ἀρνηθείη τῶν στρατοπέδων, ὧν γε οὐδετέροις ἐν ἀγνοίᾳ κεῖσθαι συμπέπτωκεν;

Dewing For why should anyone in either army deny facts of which neither now remains in ignorance.

Greek ὡς δὲ ἀξυνέτων ἐστὶν ἀνδρῶν ἀπέραντά τε ταλαιπωρεῖν βούλεσθαι, φιλονεικίας ἕνεκα τῆς αὐτίκα, καὶ λύσιν τῶν ἐνοχλούντων μηδεμίαν εὑρεῖν, οὐδεὶς ἄν, οἶμαι, τῶν γε οὐκ ὄντων ἀνοήτων ἀντείποι.

Dewing And no one, I think, could deny, at least no one who does not lack understanding, that it is only senseless men who choose to go on suffering indefinitely merely to satisfy the contentious spirit which moves them for the moment, and refuse to find a solution of the troubles which harass them.

Greek ὅταν δὲ ταῦτα οὕτως ἔχῃ, τοὺς ἑκατέρων ἡγουμένους προσήκει μὴ δόξης τῆς οἰκείας τὴν τῶν ἀρχομένων σωτηρίαν προΐεσθαι, ἀλλὰ τά τε δίκαια καὶ τὰ ξύμφορα οὐ σφίσιν αὐτοῖς μόνον, ἀλλὰ καὶ τοῖς σφῶν ἐναντίοις ἑλέσθαι, οὕτω τε τὴν διάλυσιν τῶν παρόντων ποιεῖσθαι δυσκόλων.

Dewing And whenever this situation arises, it is the duty of the commanders on both sides not to sacrifice the lives of their subjects to their own glory, but to choose the course which is just and expedient, not for themselves alone, but also for their opponents, and thus to put an end to present hardships.

Greek τὸ μὲν γὰρ τῶν μετρίων ἐφίεσθαι πᾶσι χαλεποῖς δίδωσι πόρον, τῷ δὲ φιλονείκῳ τὸ μηδὲν περαίνεσθαι τῶν δεόντων συμπέφυκεν.

Dewing For moderation in one's demands affords a way out of all difficulties, but it is the very nature of contentiousness that it cannot accomplish any of the objects which are essential.

Greek ἡμεῖς μὲν οὖν καταστροφῆς πέρι τοῦδε βουλευσάμενοι τοῦ πολέμου τὰ ξύμφορα ἑκατέροις προτεινόμενοι, ἐν οἷς τι καὶ τῶν δικαίων ἐλασσοῦσθαι οἰόμεθα, παρ’ ὑμᾶς ἥκομεν.

Dewing Now we, on our part, have deliberated concerning the conclusion of this war and have come before you with proposals which are of advantage to both sides, wherein we waive, as we think, some portion even of our rights.

Greek ὅπως δὲ καὶ ὑμεῖς μὴ φιλονεικίᾳ τινὶ πρὸς ἡμᾶς χρώμενοι ξυνδιαφθείρεσθαι μᾶλλον ἢ τὰ ξυνοίσοντα ὑμῖν αὐτοῖς ἑλέσθαι βουλεύσησθε.

Dewing And see to it that you likewise in your deliberations do not yield to a spirit of contentiousness respecting us and thus destroy yourselves as well as us, in preference to choosing the course which will be of advantage to yourselves.

Greek προσήκει δὲ μὴ ξυνεχεῖ ῥήσει τοὺς λόγους ἀμφοτέρους ποιεῖσθαι, ἀλλ’ ὑπολαμβάνοντας ἐκ τοῦ παραυτίκα,

Dewing And it is fitting that both sides should state their case, not in continuous speech, but each interrupting the other on the spur of the moment, if anything that is said shall seem inappropriate.

Greek ἤν τι μὴ ἐπιτηδείως εἰρῆσθαι δοκῇ. οὕτω γὰρ ἑκατέροις εἰρηκέναι τε διὰ βραχέος ὅσα σφίσι κατὰ νοῦν ἐστι καὶ τὰ δέοντα πεπραχέναι ξυμβήσεται.” ἀπεκρίνατο Βελισάριος·

Dewing For in this way each side will be able to say briefly whatever it is minded to say, and at the same time the essential things will be accomplished."

Greek “Οὕτω μέν, ὅπως φατέ, προϊέναι τὸν διάλογον οὐδὲν κωλύσει, ὅπως δὲ εἰρηναῖά τε καὶ δίκαια πρὸς ὑμῶν λέγοιτο.”

Dewing Belisarius replied: "There will be nothing to prevent the debate from proceeding in the manner you suggest, only let the words spoken by you be words of peace and of justice."

Greek Αὖθις οὖν Γότθων οἱ πρέσβεις εἶπον· “Ἠδικήκατε ἡμᾶς, ἄνδρες Ῥωμαῖοι, ἐπὶ φίλους τε καὶ ξυμμάχους ὄντας ὅπλα οὐ δέον ἀράμενοι. ἐροῦμεν δὲ ἅπερ καὶ ὑμῶν ἕκαστον οἰόμεθα ξυνεπίστασθαι.

Dewing So the ambassadors of the Goths in their turn said: "You have done us an injustice, O Romans, in taking up arms wrongfully against us, your friends and allies. And what we shall say is, we think, well known to each one of you as well as to ourselves.

Greek Γότθοι γὰρ οὐ βίᾳ Ῥωμαίους ἀφελόμενοι γῆν τὴν Ἰταλίας ἐκτήσαντο, ἀλλ’ Ὀδόακρός ποτε τὸν αὐτοκράτορα καθελὼν ἐς τυραννίδα τὴν τῇδε πολιτείαν μεταβαλὼν εἶχε.

Dewing For the Goths did not obtain the land of Italy by wresting it from the Romans by force, but Odoacer in former times dethroned the emperor, changed the government of Italy to a tyranny, and so held it.⁠

Greek Ζήνων δὲ τότε τῆς ἑῴας κρατῶν καὶ τιμωρεῖν μὲν τῷ ξυμβεβασιλευκότι βουλόμενος καὶ τοῦ τυράννου τήνδε τὴν χώραν ἐλευθεροῦν, Ὀδοάκρου δὲ καταλῦσαι τὴν δύναμιν οὐχ οἷός τε ὤν, Θευδέριχον ἀναπείθει τὸν ἡμῶν ἄρχοντα, καίπερ αὐτόν τε καὶ Βυζάντιον πολιορκεῖν μέλλοντα, καταλῦσαι μὲν τὴν πρὸς αὐτὸν ἔχθραν τιμῆς ἀναμνησθέντα πρὸς αὐτοῦ ἧς τετύχηκεν ἤδη, πατρίκιός τε καὶ Ῥωμαίων γεγονὼς ὕπατος, Ὀδόακρον δὲ ἀδικίας τῆς ἐς Αὐγούστουλον τίσασθαι, καὶ τῆς χώρας αὐτόν τε καὶ Γότθους τὸ λοιπὸν κρατεῖν ὀρθῶς καὶ δικαίως.

Dewing And Zeno, who then held the power of the East, though he wished to avenge his partner in the imperial office and to free this land from the usurper, was unable to destroy the authority of Odoacer. Accordingly he persuaded Theoderic, our ruler, although he was on the point of besieging him and Byzantium, not only to put an end to his hostility towards himself, in recollection of the honour which Theoderic had already received at his hands in having been made a patrician and consul of the Romans,⁠ but also to punish Odoacer for his unjust treatment of Augustulus, and thereafter, in company with the Goths, to hold sway over the land as its legitimate and rightful rulers.

Greek οὕτω τοίνυν παραλαβόντες τὴν τῆς Ἰταλίας ἀρχὴν τούς τε νόμους καὶ τὴν πολιτείαν διεσωσάμεθα τῶν πώποτε βεβασιλευκότων οὐδενὸς ἧσσον, καὶ Θευδερίχου μὲν ἢ ἄλλου ὁτουοῦν διαδεξαμένου τὸ Γότθων κράτος νόμος τὸ παράπαν οὐδεὶς οὐκ ἐν γράμμασιν, οὐκ ἄγραφός ἐστι.

Dewing It was in this way, therefore, that we took over the dominion of Italy, and we have preserved both the laws and the form of government as strictly as any who have ever been Roman emperors, and there is absolutely no law, either written or unwritten, introduced by Theoderic or by any of his successors on the throne of the Goths.

Greek τὰ δὲ τῆς εἰς θεὸν εὐσεβείας τε καὶ πίστεως οὕτω Ῥωμαίοις ἐς τὸ ἀκριβὲς ἐφυλάξαμεν, ὥστε Ἰταλιωτῶν μὲν τὴν δόξαν οὐδεὶς οὐχ ἑκὼν οὐκ ἀκούσιος ἐς τήνδε τὴν ἡμέραν μετέβαλε, Γότθων δὲ μεταβεβλημένων ἐπιστροφή τις οὐδαμῶς γέγονε.

Dewing And we have so scrupulously guarded for the Romans their practices pertaining to the worship of God and faith in Him, that not one of the Italians has changed his belief, either willingly or unwillingly, up to the present day, and when Goths have changed,⁠ we have taken no notice of the matter.

Greek καὶ μὴν καὶ τὰ Ῥωμαίων ἱερὰ τιμῆς παρ’ ἡμῶν τῆς ἀνωτάτω τετύχηκεν· οὐ γὰρ οὐδεὶς εἴς τι τούτων καταφυγὼν πώποτε πρὸς οὐδενὸς ἀνθρώπων βεβίασται, ἀλλὰ καὶ πάσας τὰς τῆς πολιτείας ἀρχὰς αὐτοὶ μὲν διαγεγόνασιν ἔχοντες,

Dewing And indeed the sanctuaries of the Romans have received from us the highest honour; for no one who has taken refuge in any of them has ever been treated with violence by any man; nay, more, the Romans themselves have continued to hold all the offices of the state, and not a single Goth has had a share in them.

Greek Γότθος δὲ αὐτῶν μετέσχεν οὐδείς. ἢ παρελθών τις ἡμᾶς ἐλεγχέτω, ἢν μὴ μετὰ τοῦ ἀληθοῦς ἡμῖν εἰρῆσθαι οἴηται. προσθείη δ’ ἄν τις ὡς καὶ τὸ τῶν ὑπάτων ἀξίωμα Γότθοι ξυνεχώρουν Ῥωμαίοις πρὸς τοῦ τῶν ἑῴων βασιλέως ἐς ἕκαστον ἔτος κομίζεσθαι.

Dewing Let someone come forward and refute us, if he thinks that this statement of ours is not true. And one might add that the Goths have conceded that the dignity of the consul­ship should be conferred upon Romans each year by the emperor of the East. Such has been the course followed by us;

Greek ὑμεῖς δέ, τούτων τοιούτων ὄντων, Ἰταλίας μὲν οὐ προσεποιεῖσθε κακουμένης ὑπὸ τῶν Ὀδοάκρου βαρβάρων, καίπερ οὐ δι’ ὀλίγου, ἀλλ’ ἐς δέκα ἐνιαυτοὺς τὰ δεινὰ εἰργασμένου, νῦν δὲ τοὺς δικαίως αὐτὴν κεκτημένους, οὐδὲν ὑμῖν προσῆκον, βιάζεσθε.

Dewing but you, on your side, did not take the part of Italy while it was suffering at the hands of the barbarians and Odoacer, although it was not for a short time, but for ten years, that he treated the land outrageously; but now you do violence to us who have acquired it legitimately, though you have no business here.

Greek οὐκοῦν ἐντεῦθεν ἡμῖν ἐκποδὼν ἵστασθε, τά τε ὑμέτερα αὐτῶν ἔχοντες καὶ ὅσα ληϊσάμενοι τετυχήκατε.” Καὶ ὁ Βελισάριος· “Ἡ μὲν ὑπόσχεσις ὑμῶν βραχέα τε εἰρῆσθαι καὶ μέτρια προὔλεγεν, ἡ δὲ ῥῆσις μακρά τε καὶ οὐ πόρρω ἀλαζονείας ὑμῖν γέγονε.

Dewing Do you therefore depart hence out of our way, keeping both that which is your own and whatever you have gained by plunder." And Belisarius said: "Although your promise gave us to understand that your words would be brief and temperate, yet your discourse has been both long and not far from fraudulent in its pretensions.

Greek Θευδέριχον γὰρ βασιλεὺς Ζήνων Ὀδοάκρῳ πολεμήσοντα ἔπεμψεν, οὐκ ἐφ’ ᾧ Ἰταλίας αὐτὸς τὴν ἀρχὴν ἔχοι· τί γὰρ ἂν καὶ τύραννον τυράννου διαλλάσσειν βασιλεῖ ἔμελεν; ἀλλ’ ἐφ’ ᾧ ἐλευθέρα τε καὶ βασιλεῖ κατήκοος ἔσται.

Dewing For Theoderic was sent by the Emperor Zeno in order to make war on Odoacer, not in order to hold the dominion of Italy for himself. For why should the emperor have been concerned to exchange one tyrant for another? But he sent him in order that Italy might be free and obedient to the emperor.

Greek ὁ δὲ τὰ περὶ τὸν τύραννον εὖ διαθέμενος ἀγνωμοσύνῃ ἐς τἄλλα οὐκ ἐν μετρίοις ἐχρήσατο· ἀποδιδόναι γὰρ τῷ κυρίῳ τὴν γῆν οὐδαμῆ ἔγνω.

Dewing And though Theoderic disposed of the tyrant in a satisfactory manner, in everything else he shewed an extraordinary lack of proper feeling; for he never thought of restoring the land to its rightful owner.

Greek οἶμαι δὲ ἔγωγε τόν τε βιασάμενον καὶ ὃς ἂν τὰ τοῦ πέλας ἑκουσίως μὴ ἀποδιδῷ ἴσον γε εἶναι. ἐγὼ μὲν οὖν χώραν τὴν βασιλέως ἑτέρῳ τῳ οὔποτε οὐκ ἂν παραδοίην.

Dewing But I, for my part, think that he who robs another by violence and he who of his own will does not restore his neighbour's goods are equal. Now, as for me, I shall never surrender the emperor's country to any other.

Greek εἰ δέ του ἄλλου τυχεῖν βούλεσθε, λέγειν ἀφίημι.”

Dewing But if there is anything you wish to receive in place of it, I give you leave to speak."

Greek Οἱ δὲ βάρβαροι· “Ὡς μὲν οὖν ἀληθῆ πάντα ἡμῖν εἴρηται οὐδὲ ὑμῶν τινα λέληθεν. ἡμεῖς δὲ ὅπως ἥκιστα φιλονεικεῖν δόξαιμεν, καὶ Σικελίας, τοσαύτης τε τὸ μέγεθος καὶ τοιαύτης τὸν πλοῦτον οὔσης, ὑμῖν ἐξιστάμεθα, ἧς δὴ ἐκτὸς Λιβύην ὑμᾶς ἀσφαλῶς κεκτῆσθαι οὐ δυνατόν.”

Dewing And the barbarians said: "That everything which we have said is true no one of you can be unaware. But in order that we may not seem to be contentious, we give up to you Sicily, great as it is and of such wealth, seeing that without it you cannot possess Libya in security."

Greek Καὶ ὁ Βελισάριος· “Καὶ ἡμεῖς δὲ Γότθους Βρεττανίαν ὅλην ξυγχωροῦμεν ἔχειν, μείζω τε παρὰ πολὺ Σικελίας οὖσαν καὶ Ῥωμαίων κατήκοον τὸ ἀνέκαθεν γεγενημένην.

Dewing And Belisarius replied: "And we on our side permit the Goths to have the whole of Britain, which is much larger than Sicily and was subject to the Romans in early times.

Greek τοὺς γὰρ εὐεργεσίας ἢ χάριτός τινος ἄρξαντας τοῖς ἴσοις ἀμείβεσθαι ἄξιον.”

Dewing For it is only fair to make an equal return to those who first do a good deed or perform a kindness."

Greek Βάρβαροι· “Οὐκοῦν, ἤν τι καὶ περὶ Καμπανίας ὑμῖν ἢ Νεαπόλεως αὐτῆς εἴποιμεν, οὐκ ἂν δέξαισθε;”

Dewing The barbarians: "Well, then, if we should make you a proposal concerning Campania also, or about Naples itself, will you listen to it?"

Greek Βελισάριος· “Οὐ γάρ ἐσμεν κύριοι τὰ βασιλέως πράγματα διοικήσασθαι οὐχ ὅπη αὐτῷ βουλομένῳ ἐστίν.” Βάρβαροι· “Οὐδ’ ἢν χρήματα ῥητὰ φέρειν βασιλεῖ ἐφ’ ἕκαστον ἔτος ἡμᾶς αὐτοὺς τάξωμεν;”

Dewing Belisarius: "No, for we are not empowered to administer the emperor's affairs in a way which is not in accord with his wish." The barbarians: "Not even if we impose upon ourselves the payment of a fixed sum of money every year?"

Greek Βελισάριος· “Οὐ δῆτα. οὐ γὰρ ἄλλου του ἡμεῖς αὐτοκράτορες ἢ ὥστε τῷ κεκτημένῳ φυλάξαι τὴν χώραν.”

Dewing Belisarius: "No, indeed. For we are not empowered to do anything else than guard the land for its owner."

Greek Βάρβαροι· “Φέρε δή, στέλλεσθαι ἡμᾶς παρὰ βασιλέα ἀνάγκη καὶ πρὸς ἐκεῖνον τὰς ξυνθήκας περὶ τῶν ὅλων ποιήσασθαι. δεῖ δὲ καὶ τακτόν τινα ὁρίζεσθαι χρόνον καθ’ ὃν προσήκει τὰ στρατόπεδα ἐς ἐκεχειρίαν παρίστασθαι.”

Dewing The barbarians: "Come now, we must send envoys to the emperor and make with him our treaty concerning the whole matter. And a definite time must also be appointed during which the armies will be bound to observe an armistice."

Greek Βελισάριος· “Ἔστω· γινέσθω ταῦτα. οὐ γάρ ποτε ὑμῖν εἰρηναῖα βουλευομένοις ἐμποδὼν στήσομαι.”

Dewing Belisarius: "Very well; let this be done. For never shall I stand in your way when you are making plans for peace."

Greek Τοσαῦτα εἰπόντες διελύθησάν τε ἐκ τῶν λόγων ἑκάτεροι καὶ οἱ πρέσβεις τῶν Γότθων ἐς τὸ σφέτερον στρατόπεδον ἀπεχώρησαν.

Dewing After saying these things they each left the conference, and the envoys of the Goths withdrew to their own camp.

Greek ἡμέραις δὲ ταῖς ἐπιγινομέναις συχνὰ παρ’ ἀλλήλους φοιτῶντες τά τε ἀμφὶ τῇ ἐκεχειρίᾳ διετίθεντο καὶ ὅπως δὴ ἐπὶ ταύτῃ τῶν τινας ἐπισήμων ἑκάτεροι ἀλλήλοις ἐν ὁμήρων λόγῳ παρέχωνται.

Dewing And during the ensuing days they visited each other frequently and made the arrangements for the armistice, and they agreed that each side should put into the hands of the other some of its notable men as hostages to ensure the keeping of the armistice.