第5巻 第25章

Greek Ἐπειδὴ Γότθοι ἀπεκρούσθησαν τειχομαχοῦντες, ηὐλίσαντο τὴν νύκτα ἐκείνην οὕτως ὥσπερ ἐρρήθη ἑκάτεροι.

Dewing When the Goths had been repulsed in the fight at the wall, each army bivouacked that night in the manner already described.⁠

Greek τῇ δὲ ὑστεραίᾳ Βελισάριος πάντας Ῥωμαίους ἐκέλευε παῖδάς τε καὶ γυναῖκας ἐς Νεάπολιν ὑπεκκομίζειν, καὶ τῶν οἰκετῶν ὅσους μὴ ἀναγκαίους σφίσιν ἐς τοῦ τείχους τὴν φυλακὴν ἔσεσθαι ᾤοντο, ὅπως δὴ μὴ ἐς ἀπορίαν τῶν ἐπιτηδείων καθιστῶνται.

Dewing But on the following day Belisarius commanded all the Romans to remove their women and children to Naples, and also such of their domestics as they thought would not be needed by them for the guarding of the wall, his purpose being, naturally, to forestall a scarcity of provisions.

Greek ταὐτὸ δὲ τοῦτο ποιεῖν καὶ τοῖς στρατιώταις ἐπήγγελλεν, εἴ τινι οἰκέτης ἢ θεράπαινα ἦν. οὐ γὰρ ἔτι οἷός τε εἶναι τὰς σιτήσεις αὐτοῖς ἔφασκεν ἐν πολιορκίᾳ κατὰ τὰ εἰωθότα παρέχεσθαι, ἀλλ’ αὐτοὺς τὸ μὲν ἥμισυ ἐς ἡμέραν ἑκάστην ἐν αὐτοῖς φέρεσθαι τοῖς ἐπιτηδείοις ἐπάναγκες εἶναι, τὸ δὲ λειπόμενον ἐν ἀργυρίῳ.

Dewing And he issued orders to the soldiers to do the same thing, in case anyone had a male or female attendant. For, he went on to say, he was no longer able while besieged to provide them with food to the customary amount, but they would have to accept one half their daily ration in actual supplies, taking the remainder in silver. So they proceeded to carry out his instructions.

Greek οἱ δὲ κατὰ ταῦτα ἐποίουν. καὶ πλῆθος πολὺ αὐτίκα ἐς Καμπανίαν ᾔει. ἐκομίζοντο δὲ οἱ μὲν πλοίων ἐπιτυχόντες ἅπερ ἐν τῷ Ῥώμης λιμένι ὡρμίζετο, οἱ δὲ καὶ πεζῇ ὁδῷ τῇ καλουμένῃ Ἀππίᾳ ἰόντες.

Dewing And immediately a great throng set out for Campania. Now some, who had the good fortune to secure such boats as were lying at anchor in the harbour⁠ of Rome, secured passage, but the rest went on foot by the road which is called the Appian Way.

Greek κίνδυνός τε οὐδεὶς ἢ δέος ἐκ τῶν πολιορκούντων ἐγίνετο οὔτε τοῖς ταύτῃ βαδίζουσιν οὔτε τοῖς ἐπὶ τοῦ λιμένος ἰοῦσιν.

Dewing And no danger or fear, as far as the besiegers were concerned, arose to disturb either those who travelled this way on foot or those who set out from the harbour.

Greek οἱ γὰρ πολέμιοι οὔτε Ῥώμην ξύμπασαν τοῖς χαρακώμασι περιβαλέσθαι διὰ μέγεθος τῆς πόλεως οἷοί τε ἦσαν οὔτε κατ’ ὀλίγους ἐτόλμων μακρὰν ἀπολείπεσθαι τῶν στρατοπέδων, φοβούμενοι τὰς ἐπεκδρομὰς τῶν ἐναντίων.

Dewing For, on the one hand, the enemy were unable to surround the whole of Rome with their camps on account of the great size of the city, and, on the other, they did not dare to be found far from the camps in small companies, fearing the sallies of their opponents.

Greek καὶ δι’ αὐτὸ τοῖς πολιορκουμένοις ἐπὶ χρόνον τινὰ πολλὴ ἐξουσία ἐγίνετο τῆς τε πόλεως ἀπανίστασθαι καὶ τὰ ἐπιτήδεια ἔξωθεν ἐς αὐτὴν ἐσκομίζεσθαι.

Dewing And on this account abundant opportunity was afforded for some time to the besieged both to move out of the city and to bring provisions into it from outside.

Greek μάλιστα δὲ νύκτωρ οἱ βάρβαροι ἐς δέος τε ἀεὶ μέγα καθίσταντο καὶ φυλακὰς ποιούμενοι ἐν τοῖς στρατοπέδοις ἡσύχαζον.

Dewing And especially at night the barbarians were always in great fear, and so they merely posted guards and remained quietly in their camps.

Greek ἐπεὶ ἐκ τῆς πόλεως ἄλλοι τε καὶ Μαυρούσιοι συχνοὶ ἐξιόντες, ὅπη τοὺς πολεμίους ἢ καθεύδοντας ἢ ὁδῷ ἰόντας κατ’ ὀλίγους εὑρήσειαν ʽοἷα πολλὰ ἐν στρατῷ μεγάλῳ γίνεσθαι εἴωθεν, ἄλλων τε ἀναγκαίων χρειῶν ἕνεκα καὶ τοῦ βόσκειν ἵππους τε καὶ ἡμιόνους καὶ ζῷα ὅσα ἐς βρῶσιν ἐπιτήδεια ἦν’ ἔκτεινόν τε καὶ κατὰ τάχος ἐσκυλευκότες, πλειόνων σφίσιν, ἂν οὕτω τύχοι, πολεμίων ἐπεισπεσόντων ὑπεχώρουν δρόμῳ, ἄνδρες φύσει τε ποδώκεις καὶ κούφως ἐσκευασμένοι καὶ τῇ φυγῇ προλαμβάνοντες.

Dewing For parties were continually issuing from the city, and especially Moors in great numbers, and whenever they found their enemies either asleep or walking about in small companies (as is accustomed to happen often in a large army, the men going out not only to attend to the needs of nature, but also to pasture horses and mules and such animals as are suitable for food), they would kill them and speedily strip them, and if perchance a larger number of the enemy should fall upon them, they would retire on the run, being men swift of foot by nature and lightly equipped, and always distancing their pursuers in the flight.

Greek οὕτω μὲν ἐκ Ῥώμης ὑποχωρεῖν ὁ πολὺς ὅμιλος ἴσχυον, καὶ οἱ μὲν ἐπὶ Καμπανίας, οἱ δὲ ἐπὶ Σικελίας ᾔεσαν, οἱ δὲ ὅπη ῥᾷόν τε σφίσιν ἐνομίσθη καὶ βέλτιον εἶναι.

Dewing Consequently, the great majority were able to withdraw from Rome, and some went to Campania, some to Sicily, and others wherever they thought it was easier or better to go.

Greek Βελισάριος δὲ ὁρῶν τόν τε τῶν στρατιωτῶν ἀριθμὸν ἥκιστα ἐς τὴν τοῦ τείχους περίοδον ἐξικνούμενον, ὀλίγοι τε γὰρ ἦσαν, ὥσπερ μοι ἔμπροσθεν εἴρηται, καὶ οὐκ ἀεὶ φυλάσσειν οἱ αὐτοὶ ἄϋπνοι ἴσχυον, ἀλλ’ οἱ μὲν ὕπνον, ὡς τὸ εἰκός, ᾑροῦντο, οἱ δὲ ἐς τὴν φυλακὴν ἐτετάχατο, καὶ τοῦ δήμου τὸ πλεῖστον μέρος πενίᾳ τε πιεζομένους καὶ τῶν ἀναγκαίων σπανίζοντας, ἅτε γὰρ βαναύσοις ἀνθρώποις ἐφήμερά τε ἅπαντα ἔχουσι καὶ ἀργεῖν διὰ τὴν πολιορκίαν ἠναγκασμένοις πόρος οὐδεὶς τῶν ἐπιτηδείων ἐγίνετο, στρατιώτας τε καὶ ἰδιώτας ξυνέμιξε καὶ φυλακτηρίῳ ἑκάστῳ ἔνειμε, ῥητόν τινα μισθὸν ἰδιώτῃ ἀνδρὶ τάξας ἐς ἡμέραν ἑκάστην.

Dewing But Belisarius saw that the number of soldiers at his command was by no means sufficient for the whole circuit of the wall, for they were few, as I have previously stated,⁠ and the same men could not keep guard constantly without sleeping, but some would naturally be taking their sleep while others were stationed on guard. At the same time he saw that the greatest part of the populace were hard pressed by poverty and in want of the necessities of life; for since they were men who worked with their hands, and all they had was what they got from day to day, and since they had been compelled to be idle on account of the siege, they had no means of procuring provisions. For these reasons Belisarius mingled soldiers and citizens together and distributed them to each post, appointing a certain fixed wage for an unenlisted man for each day.

Greek ὧν δὴ ἐγίνοντο μὲν ξυμμορίαι ἐς τὴν φυλακὴν ἱκανῶς ἔχουσαι, νύκτα δὲ τακτὴν ἡ φυλακὴ τοῦ περιβόλου ἐπέκειτο ξυμμορίᾳ ἑκάστῃ, ἐφύλασσόν τε αὐτῶν ἐκ περιτροπῆς ἅπαντες. καὶ ταύτῃ Βελισάριος ἑκατέρων τὴν ἀπορίαν διέλυεν.

Dewing In this way companies were made up which were sufficient for the guarding of the wall, and the duty of keeping guard on the fortifications during a stated night was assigned to each company, and the members of the companies all took turns in standing guard. In this manner, then, Belisarius did away with the distress of both soldiers and citizens.

Greek Ὑποψίας δὲ ἐς Σιλβέριον τὸν τῆς πόλεως ἀρχιερέα γεγενημένης, ὡς δὴ προδοσίαν ἐς Γότθους πράσσοι, αὐτὸν μὲν ἐς τὴν Ἑλλάδα ἔπεμψεν αὐτίκα, ἕτερον δὲ ἀρχιερέα ὀλίγῳ ὕστερον, Βιγίλιον ὄνομα, κατεστήσατο.

Dewing But a suspicion arose against Silverius, the chief priest of the city, that he was engaged in treasonable negotiations with the Goths, and Belisarius sent him immediately to Greece, and a little later appointed another man, Vigilius by name, to the office of chief priest.

Greek τινὰς δὲ καὶ τῶν ἐκ βουλῆς ἐπ’ αἰτίᾳ τῇ αὐτῇ ἐνθένδε ἐξελάσας, ἐπειδὴ τὴν πολιορκίαν οἱ πολέμιοι διαλύσαντες ἀνεχώρησαν, ἐς τὰ οἰκεῖα κατήγαγεν αὖθις.

Dewing And he banished from Rome on the same charge some of the senators, but later, when the enemy had abandoned the siege and retired, he restored them again to their homes.

Greek ἐν τοῖς καὶ Μάξιμος ἦν, οὗ δὴ ὁ προπάτωρ Μάξιμος τὸ ἐς Βαλεντινιανὸν βασιλέα πάθος εἴργαστο. δείσας δὲ μή τις πρὸς φυλάκων τῶν κατὰ πύλας ἐπιβουλὴ γένηται, καί τις ἔξωθεν χρήμασί τε αὐτοὺς κακουργήσων ἴοι, δὶς ἑκάστου μηνὸς τάς τε κλεῖς ἁπάσας ἀφανίζων ἀνενεοῦτο ἀεὶ ἐς ἕτερον σχῆμα, καὶ τοὺς φύλακας ἐς φυλακτήριον ἄλλο μακράν που ἄποθεν τοῦ προτέρου ἀντικαθίστη, τοῖς τε ἐν τῷ περιβόλῳ φυλακὴν ἔχουσιν ἐς νύκτα ἑκάστην ἑτέρους ἐφίστη.

Dewing Among these was Maximus, whose ancestor Maximus⁠ had committed the crime against the Emperor Valentinian. And fearing lest the guards at the gates should become involved in a plot, and lest someone should gain access from the outside with intent to corrupt them with money, twice in each month he destroyed all the keys and had new ones made, each time of a different design, and he also changed the guards to other posts which were far removed from those they had formerly occupied, and every night he set different men in charge of those who were doing guard duty on the fortifications.

Greek οἶς δὴ ἐπέκειτο μέτρον τι τοῦ τείχους περιιοῦσιν ἐκ περιτροπῆς ἀναγράφεσθαι τὰ τῶν φυλάκων ὀνόματα, καὶ ἤν τις ἐνθένδε ἀπολειφθείη, ἕτερον μὲν ἀντ’ αὐτοῦ καταστήσασθαι ἐν τῷ παραυτίκα, ἀναφέρειν δὲ τῇ ὑστεραίᾳ ἐφ’ ἑαυτόν, ὅστις ποτὲ ὁ ἀπολειφθεὶς εἴη, ὅπως δὴ κόλασις ἡ προσήκουσα ἐς αὐτὸν γίνοιτο.

Dewing And it was the duty of these officers to make the rounds of a section of the wall, taking turns in this work, and to write down the names of the guards, and if anyone was missing from that section, they put another man on duty in his stead for the moment, and on the morrow reported the missing man to Belisarius himself, whoever he might be, in order that the fitting punishment might be given him.

Greek καὶ μουσικοῖς μὲν ὀργάνοις χρήσασθαι τοὺς τεχνίτας ἐν τῷ περιβόλῳ νύκτωρ ἐκέλευε, τῶν δὲ στρατιωτῶν τινας καὶ οὐχ ἥκιστα τῶν Μαυρουσίων ἔξω ἔπεμπεν, οἳ ἀμφὶ τὴν τάφρον διανυκτερεύσειν ἀεὶ ἔμελλον, καὶ ξὺν αὐτοῖς κύνας ἠφίει, ὅπως δὴ μηδὲ ἄποθέν τις ἐπὶ τὸν περίβολον ἰὼν διαλάθοι.

Dewing And he ordered musicians to play their instruments on the fortifications at night, and he continually sent detachments of soldiers, especially Moors, outside the walls, whose duty it was always to pass the night about the moat, and he sent dogs with them in order that no one might approach the fortifications, even at a distance, without being detected.

Greek Τότε καὶ τοῦ Ἰάνου νεὼ τὰς θύρας τῶν τινες Ῥωμαίων βιασάμενοι ἀνακλῖναι λάθρα ἐπειράσαντο.

Dewing At that time some of the Romans attempted secretly to force open the doors of the temple of Janus.

Greek ὁ δὲ Ἴανος οὗτος πρῶτος μὲν ἦν τῶν ἀρχαίων θεῶν οὓς δὴ Ῥωμαῖοι γλώσσῃ τῇ σφετέρᾳ Πένατες ἐκάλουν. ἔχει δὲ τὸν νεὼν ἐν τῇ ἀγορᾷ πρὸ τοῦ βουλευτηρίου ὀλίγον ὑπερβάντι τὰ Τρία Φᾶτα·

Dewing This Janus was the first of the ancient gods whom the Romans call in their own tongue "Penates."⁠ And he has his temple in that part of the forum in front of the senate-house which lies a little above the "Tria Fata";⁠

Greek οὕτω γὰρ Ῥωμαῖοι τὰς Μοίρας νενομίκασι καλεῖν. ὅ τε νεὼς ἅπας χαλκοῦς ἐν τῷ τετραγώνῳ σχήματι ἕστηκε, τοσοῦτος μέντοι, ὅσον τὸ ἄγαλμα τοῦ Ἰάνου σκέπειν.

Dewing for thus the Romans are accustomed to call the Moirai.⁠ And the temple is entirely of bronze and was erected in the form of a square, but it is only large enough to cover the statue of Janus.

Greek ἔστι δὲ χαλκοῦν οὐχ ἧσσον ἢ πηχῶν πέντε τὸ ἄγαλμα τοῦτο, τὰ μὲν ἄλλα πάντα ἐμφερὲς ἀνθρώπῳ, διπρόσωπον δὲ τὴν κεφαλὴν ἔχον, καὶ τοῖν προσώποιν θάτερον μὲν πρὸς ἀνίσχοντα, τὸ δὲ ἕτερον πρὸς δύοντα ἥλιον τέτραπται.

Dewing Now this statue is of bronze, and not less than five cubits high; in all other respects it resembles a man, but its head has two faces, one of which is turned toward the east and the other toward the west.

Greek θύραι τε χαλκαῖ ἐφ’ ἑκατέρῳ προσώπῳ εἰσίν, ἃς δὴ ἐν μὲν εἰρήνῃ καὶ ἀγαθοῖς πράγμασιν ἐπιτίθεσθαι τὸ παλαιὸν Ῥωμαῖοι ἐνόμιζον, πολέμου δὲ σφίσιν ὄντος ἀνέῳγον.

Dewing And there are brazen doors fronting each face, which the Romans in olden times were accustomed to close in times of peace and prosperity, but when they had war they opened them.

Greek ἐπεὶ δὲ τὸ Χριστιανῶν δόγμα, εἴπερ τινὲς ἄλλοι, Ῥωμαῖοι ἐτίμησαν, ταύτας δὴ τὰς θύρας οὐκέτι οὐδὲ πολεμοῦντες ἀνέκλινον.

Dewing But when the Romans came to honour, as truly as any others, the teachings of the Christians, they gave up the custom of opening these doors, even when they were at war.

Greek ἀλλ’ ἐν ταύτῃ δὴ τῇ πολιορκίᾳ τινὲς τὴν παλαιάν, οἶμαι, δόξαν ἐν νῷ ἔχοντες ἐγκεχειρήκασι μὲν αὐτὰς ἀνοιγνύναι λάθρα, οὐ μέντοι παντάπασιν ἴσχυσαν, πλήν γε δὴ ὅσον μὴ ἐς ἀλλήλας, ὥσπερ τὸ πρότερον,

Dewing During this siege, however, some, I suppose, who had in mind the old belief, attempted secretly to open them, but they did not succeed entirely, and moved the doors only so far that they did not close tightly against one another as formerly.

Greek μεμυκέναι τὰς θύρας. καὶ ἔλαθόν γε οἱ τοῦτο δρᾶν ἐγκεχειρηκότες· ζήτησις δὲ τοῦ ἔργου οὐδεμία ἅτε ἐν μεγάλῳ θορύβῳ ἐγεγόνει, ἐπεὶ οὔτε τοῖς ἄρχουσιν ἐγνώσθη, οὔτε ἐς τὸ πλῆθος, ὅτι μὴ ἐς ὀλίγους κομιδῆ, ἦλθεν.

Dewing And those who had attempted to do this escaped detection; and no investigation of the act was made, as was natural in a time of great confusion, since it did not become known to the commanders, nor did it reach the ears of the multitude, except of a very few.