第5巻 第11章

Greek Γότθοι δὲ ὅσοις ἀμφί τε Ῥώμην καὶ τὰ ἐκείνῃ χωρία ξυνέπεσεν εἶναι, καὶ πρότερον τὴν Θευδάτου ἡσυχίαν ἐν θαύματι μεγάλῳ ποιούμενοι, ὅτι δὴ ἐν γειτόνων οὖσι τοῖς πολεμίοις οὐ βούλοιτο διὰ μάχης ἰέναι, ἐν σφίσι τε αὐτοῖς ὑποψίᾳ πολλῇ ἐς αὐτὸν χρώμενοι, ὡς δὴ τὰ Γότθων πράγματα προδιδοῖ Ἰουστινιανῷ βασιλεῖ ἐθελουσίως, ἄλλο τέ οἱ οὐδὲν ἐπιμελὲς εἴη, πλήν γε δὴ ὅπως αὐτὸς ἡσυχῆ βιοτεύοι, ὡς πλεῖστα περιβαλλόμενος χρήματα, ἐπειδὴ ἁλῶναι Νεάπολιν ἤκουσαν, ἅπαντά οἱ ταῦτα ἐκ τοῦ ἐμφανοῦς ἤδη ἐπικαλοῦντες ἐς χωρίον ξυνελέγησαν Ῥώμης ὀγδοήκοντα καὶ διακοσίους σταδίους διέχον, ὅπερ Ῥωμαῖοι καλοῦσι Ῥεγάτα· ἐνταῦθα ἐνστρατοπεδεύσασθαι σφίσιν ἔδοξεν ἄριστον εἶναι· πεδία γὰρ πολλὰ ἐνταῦθά ἐστιν ἱππόβοτα.

Dewing But the Goths who were at Rome and in the country round about had even before this regarded with great amazement the inactivity of Theodatus, because, though the enemy was in his neighbourhood, he was unwilling to engage them in battle, and they felt among themselves much suspicion toward him, believing that he was betraying the cause of the Goths to the Emperor Justinian of his own free will, and cared for nothing else than that he himself might live in quiet, possessed of as much money as possible. Accordingly, when they heard that Naples had been captured, they began immediately to make all these charges against him openly and gathered at a place two hundred and eighty stades distant from Rome, which the Romans call Regata.⁠ And it seemed best to them to make camp in that place; for there are extensive plains there which furnish pasture for horses.

Greek ῥεῖ δὲ καὶ ποταμός, ὃν Δεκεννόβιον τῇ Λατίνων φωνῇ καλοῦσιν οἱ ἐπιχώριοι, ὅτι δὴ ἐννεακαίδεκα περιιὼν σημεῖα, ὅπερ ξύνεισιν ἐς τρισκαίδεκα καὶ ἑκατὸν σταδίους, οὕτω δὴ ἐκβάλλει ἐς θάλασσαν ἀμφὶ πόλιν Ταρακίνην, ἧς ἄγχιστα ὄρος τὸ Κίρκαιόν ἐστιν, οὗ τὸν Ὀδυσσέα τῇ Κίρκῃ ξυγγενέσθαι φασίν, ἐμοὶ μὲν οὐ πιστὰ λέγοντες, ἐπεὶ ἐν νήσῳ Ὅμηρος τὰ τῆς Κίρκης οἰκία ἰσχυρίζεται εἶναι.

Dewing And a river also flows by the place, which the inhabitants call Decennovium⁠ in the Latin tongue, because it flows past nineteen milestones, a distance which amounts to one hundred and thirteen stades,⁠ before it empties into the sea near the city of Taracina;º and very near that place is Mt. Circaeum, where they say Odysseus met Circe, though the story seems to me untrustworthy, for Homer declares that the habitation of Circe was on an island.

Greek ἐκεῖνο μέντοι ἔχω εἰπεῖν, ὡς τὸ Κίρκαιον τοῦτο, ἐπὶ πολὺ τῆς θαλάσσης διῆκον, νήσῳ ἐμφερές ἐστι, καὶ τοῖς τε πλέουσιν ἄγχιστα τοῖς τε ἐς τὴν ἐκείνῃ ἠϊόνα βαδίζουσι νῆσος δοκεῖ ἐπὶ πλεῖστον εἶναι. καὶ ἐπειδάν τις ἐν αὐτῷ γένηται, τότε δὴ μεταμανθάνει ψευσθῆναι τῆς δόξης τὰ πρότερα.

Dewing This, however, I am able to say, that this Mt. Circaeum, extending as it does far into the sea, resembles an island, so that both to those who sail close to it and to those who walk to the shore in the neighbourhood it has every appearance of being an island. And only when a man gets on it does he realize that he was deceived in his former opinion.

Greek καὶ διὰ τοῦτο Ὅμηρος ἴσως νῆσον τὸ χωρίον ὠνόμασεν. ἐγὼ δὲ ἐπὶ τὸν πρότερον λόγον ἄνειμι.

Dewing And for this reason Homer perhaps called the place an island. But I shall return to the previous narrative.

Greek Γότθοι, ἐπειδὴ ἐς Ῥεγάτα ξυνελέγησαν, βασιλέα σφίσι τε καὶ Ἰταλιώταις Οὐίττιγιν εἵλοντο, ἄνδρα οἰκίας μὲν οὐκ ἐπιφανοῦς ὄντα, ἐν μάχαις δὲ ταῖς ἀμφὶ Σίρμιον λίαν εὐδοκιμηκότα τὸ πρότερον, ἡνίκα τὸν πρὸς Γήπαιδας πόλεμον Θευδέριχος διέφερε.

Dewing The Goths, after gathering at Regata, out of as king over them and the Italians Vittigis, a man who, though not of a conspicuous house, had previously won great renown in the battles about Sirmium, when Theoderic was carrying on the war against the Gepaedes.⁠

Greek Θευδάτος μὲν οὖν ταῦτα ἀκούσας ἐς φυγήν τε ὥρμητο καὶ τὴν ἐπὶ Ῥάβενναν ἤλαυνεν. Οὐίττιγις δὲ κατὰ τάχος Ὄπταριν ἔπεμψεν, ἄνδρα Γότθον, ἐπιστείλας αὐτῷ ἢ ζῶντα ἢ νεκρὸν ἀγαγεῖν Θευδάτον.

Dewing Theodatus, therefore, upon hearing this, rushed off in flight and took the road to Ravenna. But Vittigis quickly sent Optaris, a Goth, instructing him to bring Theodatus alive or dead.

Greek ἐτύγχανε δὲ τῷ Θευδάτῳ οὗτος ὁ Ὄπταρις χαλεπῶς ἔχων ἐξ αἰτίας τοιᾶσδε. κόρην τινὰ Ὄπταρις ἐπίκληρόν τε καὶ τὴν ὄψιν εὐπρεπῆ οὖσαν ἐμνηστεύετο.

Dewing Now it happened that this Optaris was hostile to Theodatus for the following cause. Optaris was wooing a certain young woman who was an heiress and also exceedingly beautiful to look upon.

Greek ταύτην Θευδάτος ἀφελόμενος τὸν μνηστῆρα τοῦτον, χρήμασιν ἀναπεισθείς, ἑτέρῳ ἠγγύησε. διὸ δὴ τῷ τε θυμῷ καὶ Οὐιττίγιδι χαριζόμενος, πολλῇ Θευδάτον σπουδῇ τε καὶ προθυμίᾳ, οὔτε νύκτα ἀνεὶς οὔτε ἡμέραν, ἐδίωκε.

Dewing But Theodatus, being bribed to do so, took the woman he was wooing from him, and betrothed her to another. And so, since he was not only satisfying his own rage, but rendering a service to Vittigis as well, he pursued Theodatus with great eagerness and enthusiasm, stopping neither day nor night.

Greek καὶ αὐτὸν ἐν ὁδῷ ἔτι πορευόμενον καταλαμβάνει, ἐς ἔδαφός τε ὕπτιον ἀνακλίνας ὥσπερ ἱερεῖόν τι ἔθυσεν. αὕτη τε Θευδάτῳ καταστροφὴ τοῦ τε βίου καὶ τῆς ἡγεμονίας, τρίτον ἐχούσης ἔτος, ἐγένετο.

Dewing And he overtook him while still on his way, laid him on his back on the ground, and slew him like a victim for sacrifice. Such was the end of Theodatus' life and of his rule, which had reached the third year.

Greek Οὐίττιγις δὲ ἅμα Γότθοις τοῖς παροῦσιν ἐς Ῥώμην ἐσήλαυνε. γνούς τε τὰ Θευδάτῳ ξυνενεχθέντα, ἥσθη τε καὶ αὐτοῦ τὸν παῖδα Θευδέγισκλον ἐν φυλακῇ ἐποιήσατο.

Dewing And Vittigis, together with the Goths who were with him, marched to Rome. And when he learned what had befallen Theodatus, he was pleased and put Theodatus' son Theodegisclus under guard.

Greek καὶ ἐπειδὴ τὰ Γότθων πράγματα ἥκιστά οἱ ἐν παρασκευῇ ἔδοξεν εἶναι, βέλτιον ἐνόμισεν ἐς Ῥάβενναν πρῶτον ἰέναι, ἐνταῦθά τε πάντα ἐξαρτυσαμένῳ ὡς ἄριστα οὕτω δὴ καθίστασθαι ἐς τὸν πόλεμον. ξυγκαλέσας οὖν ἅπαντας ἔλεξε τοιάδε·

Dewing But it seemed to him that the preparations of the Goths were by no means complete, and for this reason he thought it better first to go to Ravenna, and after making everything ready there in the best possible way, then at length to enter upon the war. He therefore called all the Goths together and spoke as follows:

Greek “Αἱ μέγισται τῶν πράξεων, ἄνδρες συστρατιῶται, οὐ καιρῶν ὀξύτητι, ἀλλ’ εὐβουλίᾳ φιλοῦσιν ὀρθοῦσθαι.

Dewing "The success of the greatest enterprises, fellow-soldiers, generally depends, not upon hasty action at critical moments, but upon careful planning.

Greek πολλάκις γὰρ μέλλησίς τε εἰς τὸν καιρὸν ἐλθοῦσα μᾶλλον ὤνησε καὶ σπουδὴ οὐκ ἐν δέοντι ἐπιδειχθεῖσα πολλοῖς ἀνεχαίτισε τὴν τοῦ κατορθώσειν ἐλπίδα.

Dewing For many a time a policy of delay adopted at the opportune moment has brought more benefit than the opposite course, and haste displayed at an unseasonable time has upset for many men their hope of success.

Greek ῥᾷον γὰρ οἱ πλεῖστοι ἀπαράσκευοι μέν, ἐξ ἀντιπάλου δὲ τῆς δυνάμεως μαχόμενοι, ἡσσῶνται ἢ ὅσοι τὴν ἐλάσσω ἰσχὺν ὡς ἄριστα παρασκευασάμενοι ἐς τὸν ἀγῶνα κατέστησαν.

Dewing For in most cases those who are unprepared, though they fight on equal terms so far as their forces are concerned, are more easily conquered than those who, with less strength, enter the struggle with the best possible preparation.

Greek μὴ τοίνυν τῷ παραυτίκα φιλοτίμῳ ἐπαιρόμενοι τὰ ἀνήκεστα ἡμᾶς αὐτοὺς ἐργασώμεθα· κρεῖσσον γὰρ ἐν χρόνῳ βραχεῖ αἰσχυνομένους τὴν εὔκλειαν ἀπέραντον διασώσασθαι ἢ τὴν ἐν τῷ παραυτίκα φυγόντας ὕβριν ἐς ἅπαντα τὸν αἰῶνα, ὡς τὸ εἰκός, ἐγκαλύπτεσθαι.

Dewing Let us not, therefore, be so lifted up by the desire to win momentary honour as to do ourselves irreparable harm; for it is better to suffer shame for a short time and by so doing gain an undying glory, than to escape insult for the moment and thereby, as would probably be the case, be left to obscurity for all after time.

Greek καίτοι καὶ ὑμεῖς δή που ἐπίστασθε ὡς τό τε Γότθων πλῆθος καὶ ξύμπασαν σχεδόν τι τὴν τῶν ὅπλων σκευὴν ἔν τε Γαλλίαις καὶ Βενετίαις καὶ χώραις ταῖς ἑκαστάτω ξυμβαίνει εἶναι.

Dewing And yet you doubtless know as well as I that the great body of the Goths and practically our whole equipment of arms is in Gaul and Venetia and the most distant lands.

Greek καὶ μὴν καὶ πρὸς τὰ Φράγγων ἔθνη οὐχ ἥσσω τοῦδε πόλεμον διαφέρομεν, ὃν δὴ οὐκ εὖ διαθεμένους ἐφ’ ἕτερον χωρεῖν πολλὴ ἄνοια. τοὺς γὰρ ἐς ἀμφίβολόν τι καθισταμένους καὶ οὐ πρὸς ἕνα πολέμιον ὁρῶντας τῶν ἐναντίων ἡσσᾶσθαι εἰκός.

Dewing Furthermore, we are carrying on against the nations of the Franks a war which is no less important than this one, and it is great folly for us to proceed to another war without first settling that one satisfactorily. For it is natural that those who become exposed to attack on two sides and do not confine their attention to a single enemy should be worsted by their opponents.

Greek ἐγὼ δέ φημι χρῆναι νῦν μὲν εὐθὺ Ῥαβέννης ἐνθένδε ἰέναι, τὸν δὲ πρὸς Φράγγους πόλεμον διαλύσαντας τἄλλα τε διῳκημένους ὡς ἄριστα οὕτω δὴ Βελισαρίῳ παντὶ τῷ Γότθων στρατῷ διαμάχεσθαι.

Dewing But I say that we must now go straight from here to Ravenna, and after bringing the war against the Franks to an end and settling all our other affairs as well as possible, then with the whole army of the Goths we must fight it out with Belisarius.

Greek καί μοι τὴν ἀναχώρησιν τήνδε ὑμῶν ὑποστελλέσθω μηδείς, μηδὲ φυγὴν αὐτὴν ὀνομάζειν ὀκνείτω.

Dewing And let no one of you, I say, try to dissemble regarding this withdrawal, nor hesitate to call it flight.

Greek δειλίας μὲν γὰρ προσηγορία ἐπιτηδείως προσπεσοῦσα πολλοὺς ὤρθωσεν, ἀνδρείας δὲ ὄνομα οὐκ ἐν τῷ καθήκοντι χρόνῳ τισὶν ἐγγενόμενον, εἶτα ἐς ἧτταν ἐχώρησεν.

Dewing For the title of coward, fittingly applied, has saved many, while the reputation for bravery which some men have gained at the wrong time, has afterward led them to defeat.

Greek οὐ γὰρ τοῖς τῶν πραγμάτων ὀνόμασιν, ἀλλὰ τῷ ξυμφόρῳ τῶν ἔργων ἕπεσθαι ἄξιον. ἀνδρός τε γὰρ ἀρετὴν οὐκ ἀρχόμεναι δηλοῦσιν αἱ πράξεις, ἀλλὰ τελευτῶσαι μηνύουσι.

Dewing For it is not the names of things, but the advantage which comes from what is done, that is worth seeking after. For a man's worth is revealed by his deeds, not at their commencement, but at their end.

Greek φεύγουσι δὲ τοὺς πολεμίους οὐχ οἳ ἂν μετὰ μείζονος τῆς παρασκευῆς αὐτίκα μάλα ἐπ’ αὐτοὺς ἥκοιεν, ἀλλ’ ὅσοι τὰ σφέτερα αὐτῶν σώματα ἐς ἀεὶ διασώζειν βουλόμενοι ἐκποδὼν ἵστανται. πόλεώς τε τῆσδε ἁλώσεως πέρι μηδενὶ ὑμῶν γινέσθω τι δέος.

Dewing And those do not flee before the enemy who, when they have increased their preparation, forthwith go against them, but those who are so anxious to save their own lives for ever that they deliberately stand aside. And regarding the capture of this city, let no fear come to any one of you.

Greek ἤν τε γὰρ Ῥωμαῖοι ἡμῖν εὐνοϊκῶς ἔχωσι, τὴν πόλιν ἐν βεβαίῳ Γότθοις φυλάξουσιν, ἀνάγκης τε πεῖραν οὐδεμιᾶς ἕξουσιν,

Dewing For if, on the one hand, the Romans are loyal to us, they will guard the city in security for the Goths, and they will not experience any hardship, for we shall return to them in a short time.

Greek ἐπεὶ ἐν βραχεῖ αὐτοῖς ἐπανήξομεν χρόνῳ. καὶ ἤν τι ὕποπτον αὐτοῖς ἐς ἡμᾶς ἐστιν, ἐλάσσω βλάψουσι τῇ πόλει τοὺς πολεμίους δεξάμενοι· ἄμεινον γὰρ πρὸς δυσμενεῖς ἐκ τοῦ ἐμφανοῦς διαμάχεσθαι.

Dewing And if, on the other hand, they harbour any suspicions toward us, they will harm us less by receiving the enemy into the city; for it is better to fight in the open against one's enemies.

Greek ὅπως μέντοι μηδέν τι ξυμβήσεται τοιοῦτον, ἐγὼ προνοήσω. ἄνδρας τε γὰρ πολλοὺς καὶ ἄρχοντα ξυνετώτατον ἀπολείψομεν, οἳ Ῥώμην φυλάξαι ἱκανοὶ ἔσονται, ὥστε καὶ ταῦτα ἡμῖν ἐν καλῷ κείσεται καὶ οὐδὲν ἂν ἐκ τῆσδε ἡμῶν τῆς ἀναχωρήσεως γένοιτο βλάβος.”

Dewing None the less I shall take care that nothing of this sort shall happen. For we shall leave behind many men and a most discreet leader, and they will be sufficient to guard Rome so effectively that not only will the situation here be favourable for us, but also that no harm may possibly come from this withdrawal of ours."

Greek Οὐίττιγις μὲν τοσαῦτα εἶπεν. ἐπαινέσαντες δὲ Γότθοι ἅπαντες παρεσκευάζοντο ἐς τὴν πορείαν. μετὰ δὲ Σιλβερίῳ τε τῷ τῆς πόλεως ἱερεῖ καὶ Ῥωμαίων τοῖς τε ἐκ βουλῆς καὶ τῷ δήμῳ πολλὰ παραινέσας Οὐίττιγις, καὶ τῆς Θευδερίχου ἀρχῆς ὑπομνήσας, ἐνεκελεύετο ἅπασιν ἐς Γότθων τὸ ἔθνος εὐνοϊκῶς ἔχειν, ὅρκοις αὐτοὺς δεινοτάτοις ὑπὲρ τούτων καταλαβών, ἄνδρας τε ἀπολέξας οὐχ ἧσσον ἢ τετρακισχιλίους, καὶ αὐτοῖς ἄρχοντα ἐπιστήσας Λεύδεριν, ἡλικίας τε πόρρω ἥκοντα καὶ δόξαν ἐπὶ ξυνέσει πολλὴν ἔχοντα, ἐφ’ ᾧ Ῥώμην φυλάξουσι σφίσιν· οὕτω δὴ τῷ ἄλλῳ στρατῷ ἐς Ῥάβενναν ᾔει, τῶν ἐκ βουλῆς πλείστους ἐν ὁμήρων λόγῳ ξὺν αὑτῷ ἔχων.

Dewing Thus spoke Vittigis. And all the Goths expressed approval and prepared for the journey. After this Vittigis exhorted at length Silverius, the priest⁠ of the city, and the senate and people of the Romans, reminding them of the rule of Theoderic, and he urged upon all to be loyal to the nation of the Goths, binding them by the most solemn oaths to do so; and he chose out no fewer than four thousand men, and set in command over them Leuderis, a man of mature years who enjoyed a great reputation for discretion, that they might guard Rome for the Goths. Then he set out for Ravenna with the rest of the army, keeping the most of the senators with him as hostages.

Greek καὶ ἐπεὶ ἐνταῦθα ἀφίκετο, Ματασοῦνθαν τὴν Ἀμαλασούνθης θυγατέρα, παρθένον τε καὶ ὡραίαν ἤδη οὖσαν, γυναῖκα γαμετὴν οὔτι ἐθελούσιον ἐποιήσατο, ὅπως δὴ βεβαιοτέραν τὴν ἀρχὴν ἕξει τῇ ἐς γένος τὸ Θευδερίχου ἐπιμιξίᾳ.

Dewing And when he had reached that place, he made Matasuntha, the daughter of Amalasuntha, who was a maiden now of marriageable age, his wedded wife, much against her will, in order that he might make his rule more secure by marrying into the family of Theoderic.

Greek ἔπειτα δὲ ἅπαντας Γότθους πανταχόθεν ἀγείρας διεῖπέ τε καὶ διεκόσμει, ὅπλα τε καὶ ἵππους διανέμων κατὰ λόγον ἑκάστῳ, μόνους δὲ Γότθους οἳ ἐν Γαλλίαις φυλακὴν εἶχον, δέει τῶν Φράγγων οὐχ οἷός τε ἦν μεταπέμπεσθαι.

Dewing After this he began to gather all the Goths from every side and to organize and equip them, duly distributing arms and horses to each one; and only the Goths who were engaged in garrison duty in Gaul he was unable to summon, through fear of the Franks.

Greek οἱ δὲ Φράγγοι οὗτοι Γερμανοὶ μὲν τὸ παλαιὸν ὠνομάζοντο. ὅντινα δὲ τρόπον τὸ ἐξ ἀρχῆς καὶ ὅπη ᾠκημένοι Γαλλίας τε ἐπεβάτευσαν καὶ διάφοροι Γότθοις γεγένηνται, ἐρῶν ἔρχομαι.

Dewing These Franks were called "Germani" in ancient times. And the manner in which they first got a foothold in Gaul, and where they had lived before that, and how they became hostile to the Goths, I shall now proceed to relate.