第3巻 第8章

Greek Ὁνώριχος δέ, ὁ τῶν ἐκείνου παίδων πρεσβύτατος, διεδέξατο τὴν ἀρχήν, Γένζωνος ἤδη ἐξ ἀνθρώπων ἀφανισθέντος. ἐπὶ τούτου Ὁνωρίχου Βανδίλων ἄρχοντος πόλεμος αὐτοῖς πρὸς οὐδένα ἀνθρώπων, ὅτι μὴ ἐς Μαυρουσίους, ἐγένετο.

Dewing And Honoric, the eldest of his sons, succeeded to the throne, Genzon having already departed from the world. During the time when this Honoric ruled the Vandals they had no war against anyone at all, except the Moors.

Greek δέει γὰρ τῷ ἐκ Γιζερίχου ἡσυχάζοντες πρὸ τοῦ οἱ Μαυρούσιοι, ἐπειδὴ τάχιστα ἐκποδὼν αὐτοῖς ἐκεῖνος ἐγεγόνει, ἔδρασάν τε πολλὰ τοὺς Βανδίλους κακὰ καὶ αὐτοὶ ἔπαθον.

Dewing For through fear of Gizeric the Moors had remained quiet before that time, but as soon as he was out of their way they both did much harm to the Vandals and suffered the same themselves.

Greek γέγονε δὲ Ὁνώριχος ἐς τοὺς ἐν Λιβύῃ Χριστιανοὺς ὠμότατός τε καὶ ἀδικώτατος ἀνθρώπων ἁπάντων.

Dewing And Honoric shewed himself the most cruel and unjust of all men toward the Christians in Libya.

Greek βιαζόμενος γὰρ αὐτοὺς ἐς τὴν Ἀρειανῶν μετατίθεσθαι δόξαν, ὅσους ἂν λάβοι οὐχ ἑτοίμως αὐτῷ εἴκοντας, ἔκαιέ τε καὶ ἄλλαις θανάτου ἰδέαις διέφθειρε, πολλῶν δὲ καὶ τὰς γλώσσας ἀπέτεμεν ἀπ’ αὐτῆς φάρυγγος, οἳ ἔτι καὶ ἐς ἐμὲ περιόντες ἐν Βυζαντίῳ ἐχρῶντο ἀκραιφνεῖ τῇ φωνῇ, οὐδ’ ὁπωστιοῦν ταύτης δὴ τῆς τιμωρίας ἐπαισθανόμενοι· ὧν δὴ δύο, ἐπειδὴ γυναιξὶν ἑταίραις πλησιάζειν ἔγνωσαν,

Dewing For he forced them to change over to the Arian faith, and as many as he found not readily yielding to him he burned, or destroyed by other forms of death; and he also cut off the tongues of many from the very throat, who even up to my time were going about in Byzantium having their speech uninjured, and perceiving not the least effect from this punishment; but two of these, since they saw fit to go in to harlots, were thenceforth no longer able to speak.

Greek οὐκέτι φθέγγεσθαι τὸ λοιπὸν ἴσχυσαν. ἔτη τε ὀκτὼ Βανδίλων ἄρξας ἐτελεύτησε νόσῳ, Μαυρουσίων ἤδη τῶν ἐν τῷ Αὐρασίῳ ὄρει ᾠκημένων ἀποστάντων τε ἀπὸ Βανδίλων καὶ αὐτονόμων ὄντων ʽἔστι δὲ τὸ Αὐράσιον ἐν Νουμιδίᾳ τριῶν καὶ δέκα ἡμερῶν ὁδὸν μάλιστα Καρχηδόνος διέχον, τετραμμένον τε πρὸς μεσημβρίαν̓, οἳ οὐκέτι ὑπὸ Βανδίλοις ἐγένοντο, οὐ δυναμένων Βανδίλων ἐν ὄρει δυσόδῳ τε καὶ ἀνάντει λίαν πόλεμον πρὸς Μαυρουσίους διενεγκεῖν.

Dewing And after ruling over the Vandals eight years he died of disease; and by that time the Moors dwelling on Mt. Aurasium⁠ had revolted from the Vandals and were independent (this Aurasium is a mountain of Numidia, about thirteen days' journey distant from Carthage and fronting the south); and indeed they never came under the Vandals again, since the latter were unable to carry on a war against Moors on a mountain difficult of access and exceedingly steep.⁠

Greek Τελευτήσαντος δὲ Ὁνωρίχου τὸ τῶν Βανδίλων κράτος ἐς Γουνδαμοῦνδον ἦλθε τὸν Γένζωνος τοῦ Γιζερίχου. ἐς αὐτὸν γὰρ ὁ χρόνος ἔφερε τὰ πρωτεῖα τοῦ Γιζερίχου γένους.

Dewing After the death of Honoric the rule of the Vandals fell to Gundamundus, the son of Genzon, the son of Gizeric. For he, in point of years, was the first of the offspring of Gizeric.

Greek οὗτος ὁ Γουνδαμοῦνδος πλείοσι μὲν πρὸς Μαυρουσίους ἐμαχέσατο ξυμβολαῖς, μείζοσι δὲ τοὺς Χριστιανοὺς ὑπαγαγὼν πάθεσιν ἐτελεύτησε νοσήσας, ἤδη που μεσοῦντος τοῦ δωδεκάτου τῆς ἀρχῆς ἔτους.

Dewing This Gundamundus fought against the Moors in numerous encounters, and after subjecting the Christians to still greater suffering, he died of disease, being now at about the middle of the twelfth year of his reign.

Greek ἀδελφός τε αὐτοῦ Τρασαμοῦνδος παρέλαβε τὴν βασιλείαν, εἴδους τε καὶ ξυνέσεως ἐς τὰ μάλιστα καὶ μεγαλοψυχίας εὖ ἥκων.

Dewing And his brother Trasamundus took over the kingdom, a man well-favoured in appearance and especially gifted with discretion and highmindedness.

Greek τοὺς μέντοι Χριστιανοὺς ἐβιάζετο μεταβαλέσθαι τὴν πάτριον δόξαν, οὐκ αἰκιζόμενος τὰ σώματα ὥσπερ οἱ πρότεροι, ἀλλὰ τιμαῖς τε καὶ ἀρχαῖς μετιὼν καὶ χρήμασι μεγάλοις δωρούμενος, καὶ τοὺς ἀπειθοῦντας, ὁποῖοί ποτε εἶεν, ἥκιστά γε εἰδέναι ποιούμενος.

Dewing However he continued to force the Christians to change their ancestral faith, not by torturing their bodies as his predecessors had done, but by seeking to win them with honours and offices and presenting them with great sums of money; and in the case of those who would not be persuaded, he pretended he had not the least knowledge of what manner of men they were.⁠

Greek εἰ δέ τινας λάβοι μεγάλοις ἁμαρτήμασιν ἐνόχους ἢ γνώμῃ γεγενημένους, τούτοις δὴ μεταβαλλομένοις τὴν δόξαν μισθὸν προὐτίθει μὴ δοῦναι τὴν δίκην ὧν ἥμαρτον.

Dewing And if he caught any guilty of great crimes which they had committed either by accident or deliberate intent, he would offer such men, as a reward for changing their faith, that they should not be punished for their offences.

Greek ἐπειδὴ δὲ ἡ γυνὴ ἐτελεύτα, οὐ γενομένη μήτηρ οὔτε ἄρσενος οὔτε θήλεος γόνου, κρατῦναι ὡς ἄριστα τὴν βασιλείαν βουλόμενος, ἐς Θευδέριχον τὸν Γότθων βασιλέα πέμψας ᾔτει οἱ γυναῖκα τὴν ἀδελφὴν Ἀμαλαφρίδαν διδόναι, ἧς δὴ ἄρτι ὁ ἀνὴρ ἐτεθνήκει.

Dewing And when his wife died without becoming the mother of either male or female offspring, wishing to establish the kingdom as securely as possible, he sent to Theoderic, the king of the Goths, asking him to give him his sister Amalafrida to wife, for her husband had just died.

Greek ὁ δέ οἱ καὶ τὴν ἀδελφὴν ἔπεμψε καὶ Γότθων δοκίμων χιλίους ἐν δορυφόρων λόγῳ, οἷς δὴ ὅμιλος θεραπείας εἵπετο ἐς πέντε μάλιστα χιλιάδας ἀνδρῶν μαχίμων.

Dewing And Theoderic sent him not only his sister but also a thousand of the notable Goths as a bodyguard, who were followed by a host of attendants amounting to about five thousand fighting men.

Greek ἐδωρήσατο δὲ τὴν ἀδελφὴν Θευδέριχος καὶ τῶν Σικελίας ἀκρωτηρίων τριῶν ὄντων ἑνί, ὃ δὴ καλοῦσι Λιλύβαιον, καὶ ἀπ’ αὐτοῦ ἔδοξεν ὁ Τρασαμοῦνδος πάντων δὴ τῶν ἐν Βανδίλοις ἡγησαμένων κρείσσων τε εἶναι καὶ δυνατώτατος.

Dewing And Theoderic also presented his sister with one of the promontories of Sicily, which are three in number, — the one which they call Lilybaeum — and as a result of this Trasamundus was accounted the strongest and most powerful of all those who had ruled over the Vandals.

Greek ἐγένετο δὲ φίλος καὶ Ἀναστασίῳ βασιλεῖ ἐς τὰ μάλιστα. ἐπὶ τούτου βασιλεύοντος ξυνέπεσε Βανδίλοις πάθος τι παθεῖν πρὸς Μαυρουσίων οἷον οὔπω πρὸ τοῦ ξυνηνέχθη γενέσθαι.

Dewing He became also a very special friend of the emperor Anastasius. It was during the reign of Trasamundus that it came about that the Vandals suffered a disaster at the hands of the Moors such as had never befallen them before that time.

Greek Καβάων ἦν τις ἄρχων τῶν ἀμφὶ Τρίπολιν Μαυρουσίων, πολέμων τε πολλῶν ἔμπειρος καὶ λίαν ἀγχίνους. οὗτος ὁ Καβάων ἐπειδὴ ἐπ’ αὐτὸν στρατεύεσθαι Βανδίλους ἐπύθετο, ἐποίει τοιάδε.

Dewing There was a certain Cabaon ruling over the Moors of Tripolis, a man experienced in many wars and exceedingly shrewd. This Cabaon, upon learning that the Vandals were marching against him, did as follows.

Greek πρῶτα μὲν τοῖς ὑπηκόοις ἐπήγγελλεν ἀδικίας τε πάσης καὶ βρώσεως ἐς τρυφὴν ἀγούσης καὶ πάντων μάλιστα γυναικῶν ξυνουσίας ἀπέχεσθαι· χαρακώματά τε δύο πηξάμενος ἐν θατέρῳ μὲν αὐτὸς ξὺν πᾶσιν ἐστρατοπεδεύσατο τοῖς ἀνδράσιν, ἐν δὲ δὴ τῷ ἑτέρῳ τὰς γυναῖκας καθεῖρξε, θάνατόν τε τὴν ζημίαν ἠπείλησεν ἔσεσθαι, ἤν τις ἐπὶ τὸ τῶν γυναικῶν χαράκωμα ἴοι.

Dewing First of all he issued orders to his subjects to abstain from all injustice and from all foods tending towards luxury and most of all from association with women; and setting up two palisaded enclosures, he encamped himself with all the men in one, and in the other he shut the women, and he threatened that death would be the penalty if anyone should go to the women's palisade.

Greek μετὰ δὲ πέμψας ἐς Καρχηδόνα κατασκόπους ἐπέταττε τάδε· ἐπειδὰν οἱ Βανδίλοι ἐπὶ τὴν στρατείαν βαδίζοντες ἔς τινα νεὼν ὑβρίσωσιν ὃν οἱ Χριστιανοὶ σέβονται, αὐτοὺς μὲν ἐφορᾶν τὰ γινόμενα· ἢν δὲ οἱ Βανδίλοι τὸ χωρίον ἀμείψωσιν, ἅπαντα ποιεῖν τἀναντία ἐς τὸ ἱερὸν ὧν ἐκεῖνοι δράσαντες οἴχονται.

Dewing And after this he sent spies to Carthage with the following instructions: whenever the Vandals in going forth on the expedition should offer insult to any temple which the Christians reverence, they were to look on and see what took place; and when the Vandals had passed the place, they were to do the opposite of everything which the Vandals had done to the sanctuary before their departure.

Greek ἐπειπεῖν δὲ αὐτὸν καὶ τοῦτό φασιν, ὡς ἀγνοοίη μὲν τὸν θεὸν ὃν Χριστιανοὶ σέβονται, εἰκὸς δὲ αὐτόν, εἴπερ ἰσχυρός ἐστιν, ὡς λέγεται, τίσασθαι μὲν τοὺς ὑβρίζοντας, ἀμῦναι δὲ τοῖς θεραπεύουσιν.

Dewing And they say that he added this also, that he was ignorant of the God whom the Christians worshipped, but it was probable that if He was powerful, as He was said to be, He should wreak vengeance upon those who insulted Him and defend those who honoured Him.

Greek οἱ μὲν οὖν κατάσκοποι ἐς Καρχηδόνα ἐλθόντες ἡσύχαζον, τὴν παρασκευὴν τῶν Βανδίλων θεώμενοι· ἐπεὶ δὲ τὸ στράτευμα τὴν ἐπὶ Τρίπολιν ᾔεσαν, σχήματα περιβεβλημένοι ταπεινὰ εἵποντο.

Dewing So the spies came to Carthage and waited quietly, observing the preparation of the Vandals; but when the army set out on the march to Tripolis, they followed, clothing themselves in humble garb.

Greek οἱ δὲ Βανδίλοι ὡς ἡμέρᾳ τῇ πρώτῃ ηὐλίσαντο, ἐς τῶν Χριστιανῶν τοὺς νεὼς τούς τε ἵππους τά τε ἄλλα ζῷα ἐσαγαγόντες, ὕβρεώς τε οὐδεμιᾶς ἀπελείποντο καὶ αὐτοὶ ἀκολασίᾳ τῇ σφετέρᾳ ἐχρήσαντο, τούς τε ἱερέας, οὓς ἂν λάβοιεν, ἐρράπιζόν τε καὶ ξαίνοντες κατὰ τοῦ νώτου πολλὰς ὑπηρετεῖν σφίσιν ἐκέλευον ὅσα δὴ ἐπέχειν τῶν οἰκετῶν τοῖς ἀτιμοτάτοις εἰώθεσαν.

Dewing And the Vandals, upon making camp the first day, led their horses and their other animals into the temples of the Christians, and sparing no insult, they acted with all the unrestrained lawlessness natural to them, beating as many priests as they caught and lashing them with many blows over the back and commanding them to render such service to the Vandals as they were accustomed to assign to the most dishonoured of their domestics.

Greek καὶ ἐπειδὴ τάχιστα ἐνθένδε ἀπηλλάγησαν, ἐποίουν οἱ τοῦ Καβάωνος κατάσκοποι ὅσα αὐτοῖς ἐπετέτακτο· τά τε γὰρ ἱερὰ ἐκάθηραν αὐτίκα τήν τε κόπρον καὶ εἴ τι ἄλλο οὐχ ὁσίως ἐπέκειτο ξὺν ἐπιμελείᾳ πολλῇ ἀφελόμενοι, τά τε λύχνα ἔκαυσαν ἅπαντα καὶ τοὺς ἱερέας αἰδοῖ τε πολλῇ προσεκύνησαν καὶ τῇ ἄλλῃ φιλοφροσύνῃ ἠσπάσαντο·

Dewing And as soon as they had departed from there, the spies of Cabaon did as they had been directed to do; for they straightway cleansed the sanctuaries and took away with great care the filth and whatever other unholy thing lay in them, and they lighted all the lamps and bowed down before the priests with great reverence and saluted them with all friendliness;

Greek ἀργύριά τε τοῖς πτωχοῖς δόντες οἳ ἀμφὶ τὰ ἱερὰ ταῦτα ἐκάθηντο, οὕτω δὴ τῇ τῶν Βανδίλων στρατιᾷ εἵποντο.

Dewing and after giving pieces of silver to the poor who sat about these sanctuaries, they then followed after the army of the Vandals.

Greek καὶ ἀπὸ τούτου κατὰ τὴν ὁδὸν ξύμπασαν οἵ τε Βανδίλοι κατὰ ταὐτὰ ἡμάρτανον καὶ οἱ κατάσκοποι ἐθεράπευον.

Dewing And from then on along the whole route the Vandals continued to commit the same offences and the spies to render the same service.

Greek ἐπεὶ δὲ ἀγχοῦ ἔσεσθαι ἔμελλον, προτερήσαντες οἱ κατάσκοποι ἀγγέλλουσι τῷ Καβάωνι ὅσα Βανδίλοις τε καὶ σφίσιν ἐς τὰ Χριστιανῶν ἱερὰ εἴργαστο καὶ ὡς ἐγγύς που οἱ πολέμιοι εἶεν.

Dewing And when they were coming near the Moors, the spies anticipated them and reported to Cabaon we had been done by the Vandals and by themselves to the temples of the Christians, and that the enemy were somewhere near by.

Greek ὁ δὲ ἀκούσας ἐς τὴν ξυμβολὴν καθίστατο ὧδε. κύκλον ἀπολαβὼν ἐν τῷ πεδίῳ ἔνθα δὴ τὸ χαράκωμα ποιεῖσθαι ἔμελλε, τὰς καμήλους ἔρυμα τῷ στρατοπέδῳ ἐγκαρσίας ἐν κύκλῳ καθίστη, κατὰ δώδεκα μάλιστα καμήλους ποιησάμενος τὸ τοῦ μετώπου βάθος.

Dewing And Cabaon, upon learning this, arranged for the encounter as follows. He marked off a circle in the plain where he was about to make his palisade, and placed his camels turned sideways in a circle as a protection for the camp, making his line fronting the enemy about twelve camels deep.

Greek παῖδας μὲν οὖν καὶ γυναῖκας καὶ εἴ τι αὐτοῖς ἀπόμαχον ἦν ὁμοῦ τοῖς χρήμασιν ἐς μέσον ἐτίθετο, τὸν δὲ τῶν μαχίμων λεὼν ἐς τῶν ζῴων ἐκείνων τοὺς πόδας ἐν μέσῳ φραξαμένους ταῖς ἀσπίσιν ἐκέλευεν εἶναι.

Dewing Then he placed the children and the women and all those who were unfit for fighting together with their possessions in the middle, while he commanded the host of fighting men to stand between the feet of those animals, covering themselves with their shields.⁠

Greek οὕτω δὲ Μαυρουσίοις ἐχούσης τῆς φάλαγγος οἱ Βανδίλοι ἐν ἀπόρῳ εἶχον θέσθαι τὸ παρόν· οὔτε γὰρ ἀκοντισταὶ οὔτε τοξόται ἀγαθοὶ ἦσαν οὔτε πεζοὶ ἐς μάχην ἰέναι ἠπίσταντο, ἀλλ’ ἱππεῖς τε ἦσαν ἅπαντες, δόρασί τε ὡς ἐπὶ πλεῖστον καὶ ξίφεσιν ἐχρῶντο, καὶ ἀπ’ αὐτοῦ ἄποθέν τε οὐδὲν ἐργάζεσθαι κακὸν τοὺς πολεμίους οἷοί τε ἦσαν, ἥ τε ἵππος αὐτοῖς, ἀχθομένη τῇ τῶν καμήλων ὄψει, ἐπὶ τοὺς πολεμίους ἥκιστα ἤγετο.

Dewing And since the phalanx of the Moors was of such a sort, the Vandals were at a loss how to handle the situation; for they were neither good with the javelin nor with the bow, nor did they know how to go into battle on foot, but they were all horsemen, and used spears and swords for the most part, so that they were unable to do the enemy any harm at a distance; and their horses, annoyed at the sight of the camels, refused absolutely to be driven against the enemy.

Greek ἐπειδή τε συχνὰ ἐς αὐτοὺς ἀκοντίζοντες ἐκ τοῦ ἀσφαλοῦς οἱ πολέμιοι τούς τε ἵππους καὶ αὐτούς, ἅτε πλῆθος ὄντας, οὐ χαλεπῶς ἔκτεινον, ἔφευγόν τε καὶ τῶν Μαυρουσίων ἐπεξιόντων οἱ μὲν πολλοὶ διεφθάρησαν, εἰσὶ δὲ οἳ καὶ ὑπὸ τοῖς πολεμίοις ἐγένοντο, ὀλίγοι τε κομιδῆ ἐκ τοῦ στρατοῦ τούτου ἐπ’ οἴκου ἀπεκομίσθησαν.

Dewing And since the Moors, by hurling javelins in great numbers among them from their safe position, kept killing both their horses and men without difficulty, because they were a vast throng, they began to flee, and, when the Moors came out against them, the most of them were destroyed, while some fell into the hands of the enemy; and an exceedingly small number from this army returned home.

Greek ταῦτα μὲν Τρασαμούνδῳ παθεῖν πρὸς Μαυρουσίων ξυνέπεσεν. ἐτελεύτα δὲ χρόνῳ ὕστερον ἑπτά τε καὶ εἴκοσιν ἔτη Βανδίλων ἄρξας.

Dewing Such was the fortune which Trasamundus suffered at the hands of the Moors. And he died at a later time, having ruled over the Vandalsº twenty-seven years.