第2巻 第8章

Greek Χοσρόης δέ ʽκαὶ γάρ οἱ Μέγας χρήματα ἔφασκεν οὐδαμῆ πεπεικέναι Ἀντιοχέας φέρειν’ παντὶ τῷ στρατῷ ἐπ’ αὐτοὺς ᾔει.

Dewing Then Chosroes (since Megas said that he had by no means persuaded the inhabitants of Antioch to bring him the money) went with his whole army against them.

Greek Ἀντιοχέων δέ τινες μὲν ἐνθένθε ξὺν τοῖς χρήμασιν ἐξαναστάντες ἔφευγον ὡς ἕκαστός πη ἐδύνατο. ταὐτὸ δὲ τοῦτο διενοοῦντο καὶ οἱ λοιποὶ ξύμπαντες, εἰ μὴ μεταξὺ ἥκοντες οἱ τῶν ἐν Λιβάνῳ στρατιωτῶν ἄρχοντες, Θεόκτιστός τε καὶ Μολάτζης, ξὺν ἑξακισχιλίοις ἀνδράσιν ἐλπίσι τε αὐτοὺς ἐπιρρώσαντες διεκώλυσαν.

Dewing Some of the population of Antioch thereupon departed from there with their money and fled as each one could. And all the rest likewise were purposing to do the same thing, and would have done so had not the commanders of the troops in Lebanon, Theoctistus and Molatzes, who arrived in the meantime with six thousand men, fortified them with hope and thus prevented their departure.

Greek οὗ δὴ οὐ πολλῷ ὕστερον καὶ τὸ Περσῶν στράτευμα ἦλθεν. ἐνταῦθά τε διεσκηνημένοι ἐστρατοπεδεύσαντο ἅπαντες πρός τε Ὀρόντῃ τῷ ποταμῷ καὶ αὐτοῦ οὐ πολλῷ ἄποθεν.

Dewing Not long enough after this the Persian army also came. There they all pitched their tents and made camp fronting on the River Orontes and not very far from the stream.

Greek Χοσρόης τε Παῦλον παρὰ τὸν περίβολον στείλας τοὺς Ἀντιοχέας χρήματα ᾔτει, δέκα χρυσοῦ κεντηναρίων ἀπαλλαγήσεσθαι ἐνθένδε, ἔνδηλός τε ἦν καὶ τούτων ἐλάσσω ἐπὶ τῇ ἀναχωρήσει ληψόμενος.

Dewing Chosroes then sent Paulus up beside the fortifications and demanded money from the men of Antioch, saying that for ten centenaria2 of gold he would depart from there, and it was obvious that he would accept even less than this for his withdrawal.

Greek καὶ τότε μὲν ἥκοντες παρὰ τὸν Χοσρόην οἱ πρέσβεις, εἰπόντες τε ἀμφὶ τῇ διαλύσει τῆς εἰρήνης πολλὰ καὶ πρὸς ἐκείνου ἀκούσαντες ἀνεχώρησαν.

Dewing And on that day their ambassadors sent before Chosroes, and after speaking at length concerning the breaking of the peace and hearing much from him, they retired.

Greek τῇ δὲ ἐπιούσῃ ἡμέρᾳ τῶν Ἀντιοχέων ὁ δῆμος ʽεἰσὶ γὰρ οὐ κατεσπουδασμένοι, ἀλλὰ γελοίοις τε καὶ ἀταξίᾳ ἱκανῶς ἔχονταἰ πολλὰ ἐς τὸν Χοσρόην ὕβριζόν τε ἀπὸ τῶν ἐπάλξεων καὶ ξὺν γέλωτι ἀκόσμῳ ἐτώθαζον·

Dewing But on the morrow the populace of Antioch (for they are not seriously disposed, but are always engaged in jesting and disorderly performance) heaped insults upon Chosroes from the battlements and taunted him with unseemly laughter;

Greek καὶ Παῦλον τοῦ περιβόλου ἐγγὺς ἥκοντα παραινοῦντά τε χρημάτων ὀλίγων σφᾶς τε αὐτοὺς καὶ τὴν πόλιν ὠνεῖσθαι, ὀλίγου ἐδέησαν τοξεύσαντες κτεῖναι, εἰ μὴ προϊδὼν ἐφυλάξατο. διὸ δὴ ζέων τῷ θυμῷ ὁ Χοσρόης τειχομαχεῖν ἔγνω.

Dewing and when Paulus came near the fortifications and exhorted them to purchase freedom for themselves and the city for a small sum of money, they very nearly killed him with shots from their bows, and would have done so if he had not seen their purpose in time and guarded against it. On account of this Chosroes, boiling with anger, decided to storm the wall.

Greek Τῇ οὖν ὑστεραίᾳ ἐπαγαγὼν ἅπαντας Πέρσας ἐπὶ τὸ τεῖχος ἄλλους μὲν ἄλλῃ προσβάλλειν τοῦ ποταμοῦ ἐκέλευεν, αὐτὸς δὲ τοὺς πλείστους τε καὶ ἀρίστους ἔχων κατὰ τὴν ἄκραν προσέβαλλε. ταύτῃ γάρ, ὥς μοι ἔμπροσθεν ἐρρήθη, ἐπιμαχώτατος ὁ περίβολος ἦν.

Dewing On the following day, accordingly, he led up all the Persians against the wall and commanded a portion of the army to make assaults at different points along the river, and he himself with the most of the men and best troops directed an attack against the height. For at this place, as has been stated by me above, the wall of fortification was most vulnerable.

Greek ἐνταῦθα Ῥωμαῖοι ʽστενοτάτη γὰρ ἡ οἰκοδομία ἐτύγχανεν οὖσα ἐφ’ ἧς ἱστάμενοι πολεμεῖν ἔμελλον’ ἐπενόησαν τάδε. δοκοὺς μακρὰς ἐς ἀλλήλους ξυνδέοντες μεταξὺ τῶν πύργων ἐκρέμων, οὕτω τε πολλῷ εὐρυτέρας δὴ ταύτας τὰς χώρας ἐποίουν, ὅπως ἔτι πλείους ἐνθένδε ἀμύνεσθαι τοὺς τειχομαχοῦντας οἷοί τε ὦσιν.

Dewing Thereupon the Romans, since the structure on which they were to stand when fighting was very narrow, devised the following remedy. Binding together long timbers they suspended them between the towers, and in this way they made these spaces much broader, in order that still more men might be able to ward off the assailants from there.

Greek οἱ μὲν οὖν Πέρσαι ἰσχυρότατα ἐγκείμενοι πανταχόθεν τὰ τοξεύματα συχνὰ ἔπεμπον, ἄλλως τε καὶ κατὰ τὴν τῆς ἄκρας ὑπερβολήν.

Dewing So the Persians, pressing on most vigorously from all sides, were sending their arrows thickly everywhere, and especially along the crest of the hill.

Greek οἱ δὲ Ῥωμαῖοι ἠμύνοντο δυνάμει πάσῃ, οὐ στρατιῶται μόνον, ἀλλὰ καὶ τοῦ δήμου εὐτολμότατοι νεανίαι πολλοί.

Dewing Meanwhile the Romans were fighting them back with all their strength, not soldiers alone, but also many of the most courageous youths of the populace.

Greek ἐδόκουν δὲ οἱ τειχομαχοῦντες ἐνταῦθα ἐς τὴν μάχην ἐκ τοῦ ἀντιπάλου τοῖς πολεμίοις καθίστασθαι. ἡ γὰρ πέτρα, εὐρεῖά τις καὶ ὑψηλὴ οὖσα καὶ ὥσπερ ἀντιτεταγμένη τῷ περιβόλῳ καθάπερ ἐφ’ ὁμαλοῦ εἶναι τὴν ξυμβολὴν ἐποίει.

Dewing But it appeared that those who were attacking the wall there were engaged in a battle on even terms with their enemy. For the rock which was broad and high and, as it were, drawn up against the fortifications caused the conflict to be just as if on level ground.

Greek καὶ εἰ μέν τις ἐθάρσησε τοῦ Ῥωμαίων στρατοῦ ξὺν τριακοσίοις ἔξω τε γενέσθαι τοῦ περιβόλου καὶ τὴν πέτραν ἐκείνην προτερήσας καταλαβεῖν ἐνθένδε τε τοὺς ἐπιόντας ἀμύνασθαι, οὐκ ἄν ποτε, οἶμαι, πρὸς τῶν πολεμίων ἐς κίνδυνόν τινα ἡ πόλις ἦλθεν.

Dewing And if anyone of the Roman army had had the courage to get outside the fortifications with three hundred men and to anticipate the enemy in seizing this work and to ward off the assailants from there, never, I believe, would the city have come into any danger from the enemy.

Greek οὐ γὰρ εἶχον ὅθεν ὁρμώμενοι τειχομαχοῖεν οἱ βάρβαροι, κατὰ κορυφὴν ἔκ τε τῆς πέτρας καὶ ἀπὸ τοῦ τείχους βαλλόμενοι· νῦν δέ ʽκαὶ γὰρ ἔδει Ἀντιοχέας τούτῳ τῷ Μήδων στρατῷ ἀπολέσθαἰ οὐδενὶ τοῦτο ἐς ἔννοιαν ἦλθε.

Dewing For the barbarians had no point from which they could have conducted their assault, for they would be exposed to missiles from above both from the rock and from the wall; but as it was (for it was fated that Antioch be destroyed by this army of the Medes), this idea occurred to no one.

Greek τῶν μὲν οὖν Περσῶν, ἅτε Χοσρόου παρόντος σφίσι καὶ κραυγῇ ἐγκελευομένου μεγάλῃ, ὑπὲρ δύναμιν βιαζομένων καὶ οὐδένα τοῖς ἐναντίοις ἐνδιδόντων καιρὸν ὥστε διασκοπεῖσθαι ἢ φυλάσσεσθαι τὰς τοξευμάτων βολάς, τῶν δὲ Ῥωμαίων ἔτι μᾶλλον πλήθει τε πολλῷ καὶ θορύβῳ ἀμυνομένων, οὐκ ἐνεγκοῦσαι τὸ ἄχθος αἱ σχοῖνοι αἷς αἱ δοκοὶ ξυνδεδέατο, διερράγησαν ἐκ τοῦ αἰφνιδίου καὶ ξὺν ταῖς δοκοῖς ἅπαντες ὅσοι αὐταῖς ἐφεστήκεσαν ἐς τὸ ἔδαφος ἐξέπεσον πατάγῳ πολλῷ.

Dewing So then while the Persians were fighting beyond their power, since Chosroes was present with them and urging them on with a mighty cry, giving their opposes not a moment in which to look about or guard against the missiles discharged from their bows, and while the Romans, in great numbers and with much shouting, were defending themselves still more vigorously, the ropes with which the beams had been bound together, failing to support the weight, suddenly broke asunder and the timbers together with all those who had taken their stand on them fell to the ground with a mighty crash.

Greek οὗ δὴ αἰσθόμενοι καὶ ἄλλοι Ῥωμαίων οἳ ἐκ πύργων τῶν ἐχομένων ἐμάχοντο, καὶ ξυμβάλλειν μὲν τὸ γεγονὸς οὐδαμῆ ἔχοντες, διεφθάρθαι δὲ ταύτῃ τὸ τεῖχος οἰόμενοι ἐς φυγὴν ὥρμηντο.

Dewing When this was heard by other Romans also, who were fighting from the adjoining towers, being utterly unable to comprehend what had happened, but supposing that the wall at this point had been destroyed, they beat a hasty retreat.

Greek τοῦ μὲν οὖν δήμου νεανίαι πολλοὶ ὅσοι τὰ πρότερα πρός γε ἀλλήλους στασιάζειν ἐν τοῖς ἱπποδρομίοις εἰώθεσαν, ἐπειδὴ ἀπὸ τοῦ περιβόλου κατέβησαν, οὐδαμῆ ἔφευγον, ἀλλ’ αὐτοῦ ἔμενον, οἱ δὲ στρατιῶται ξύν τε Θεοκτίστῳ καὶ Μολάτζῃ εὐθὺς ἐπὶ τοὺς ἵππους ἀναθορόντες οἳ δὴ ἐνταῦθά πη παρεσκευασμένοι ἐτύγχανον, ἐπὶ τὰς πύλας ἀπήλαυνον, Βούζην αὐτοῖς ἐπιθρυλοῦντες ξὺν στρατῷ ἥκειν, ἐθέλειν τε κατὰ τάχος δέξασθαι μὲν αὐτοὺς τῇ πόλει, ξὺν αὐτοῖς δὲ τοὺς πολεμίους ἀμύνασθαι.

Dewing Now many young men of the populace who in former times had been accustomed to engage in factional strife with each other in the hippodromes descended into the city from the fortification wall, but they refused to flee and remained where they were, while the soldiers with Theoctistus and Molatzes straightway leaped upon the horses which happened to be ready there and rode away to the gates, telling the others a tale to the effect that Bouzes had come with an army and they wished to receive them quickly into the city, and with them to ward off the enemy.

Greek ἐνταῦθα τῶν Ἀντιοχέων πολλοὶ μὲν ἄνδρες, γυναῖκες δὲ πᾶσαι ξὺν τοῖς παιδίοις ἐπὶ τὰς πύλας δρόμῳ πολλῷ ᾔεσαν· εἶτα πρὸς τῶν ἵππων ὠθούμενοι ἅτε ἐν στενοχωρίᾳ πολλῇ ἔπιπτον.

Dewing Thereupon many of the men of Antioch and all the women with their children made a great rushes toward the gates; but since they were crowded by the horses, being in very narrow quarters, they began to fall down.

Greek οἱ δὲ στρατιῶται τῶν ἐν ποσὶν οὐδενὸς τὸ παράπαν φειδόμενοι ἔτι μᾶλλον ἢ πρότερον ὕπερθεν τῶν κειμένων ἅπαντες ἤλαυνον, γέγονέ τε φόνος ἐνταῦθα πολὺς ἄλλως τε καὶ κατὰ τὰς πύλας αὐτάς.

Dewing The soldiers, however, sparing absolutely no one of those before them, all kept riding over the fallen still more fiercely than before, and a great many were killed there, especially about the gates themselves.

Greek Οἱ δὲ Πέρσαι, οὐδενὸς σφίσιν ἀντιστατοῦντος, κλίμακας ἐπιθέντες ἐπὶ τὸ τεῖχος οὐδενὶ πόνῳ ἀνέβαινον. ἔν τε ταῖς ἐπάλξεσι κατὰ τάχος γενόμενοι χρόνον τινὰ καταβαίνειν οὐδαμῆ ἤθελον, ἀλλὰ διασκοπουμένοις τε καὶ ἀπορουμένοις ἐῴκεσαν, ἐμοὶ μὲν δοκεῖ, προλοχίζεσθαι τὰς δυσχωρίας ἐνέδραις τισὶ τῶν πολεμίων ὑποτοπάζοντες.

Dewing But the Persians, with no one opposing them, set ladders against the wall and mounted with no difficulty. And quickly reaching the battlements, for a time they were by no means willing to descend, but they seemed like men looking about them and at a loss what to do, because, as it seems to me, they supposed that the rug ground was beset with some ambuscades of the enemy.

Greek τὰ γὰρ ἐντὸς τοῦ περιβόλου ἀπὸ τῆς ἄκρας εὐθὺς κατιόντι λοιπὸν ἀοίκητος χώρα ἐπὶ πλεῖστόν ἐστι. πέτραι τε λίαν ὑψηλαὶ ἀνέχουσιν ἐνταῦθα καὶ τόποι κρημνώδεις.

Dewing For the land inside the fortifications which one traverses immediately upon descending from the height is an uninhabited tract extending for a great distance and there are found there rocks which rise to a very great high, and steep places.

Greek ἔνιοι δέ φασι Χοσρόου γνώμῃ γεγονέναι τὴν μέλλησιν Πέρσαις.

Dewing But some say that it was by the will of Chosroes that the Persians hesitated.

Greek ἐπειδὴ γὰρ τήν τε δυσχωρίαν κατενόησε καὶ τοὺς στρατιώτας φεύγοντας εἶδεν, ἔδεισε μή τινι ἀνάγκῃ ἐκ τῆς ὑπαγωγῆς ἀναστρέψαντες πράγματα σφίσι παράσχωνται, ἐμπόδιοί τε γένωνται, ἂν οὕτω τύχοι, πόλιν ἑλεῖν ἀρχαίαν τε καὶ λόγου ἀξίαν καὶ πρώτην Ῥωμαίοις οὖσαν τῶν κατὰ τὴν ἕω πασῶν πόλεων, πλούτῳ τε καὶ μεγέθει καὶ πολυανθρωπίᾳ καὶ κάλλει καὶ τῇ ἄλλῃ εὐδαιμονίᾳ.

Dewing For when he observed the difficulty of the ground and saw the soldiers fleeing, he feared lest by reason of some necessity they should turn back from their retreat and make trouble for the Persians, and thus become an obstacle, as might well happen, in the way of his capturing a city which was both ancient and of great importance and the first of all the cities which the Romans had throughout the East both in wealth and in size and in population and in beauty and in prosperity of every kind.

Greek οὗ δή, περὶ ἐλάσσονος τἄλλα ποιούμενος ἅπαντα, ἤθελε τοῖς Ῥωμαίων στρατιώταις καιρὸν ἐνδιδόναι, ὥστε κατ’ ἐξουσίαν τῇ φυγῇ χρῆσθαι. διὸ δὴ καὶ ταῖς χερσὶ τοῖς φεύγουσι Πέρσαι σημαίνοντες ἐνεκελεύοντο φεύγειν ὡς τάχιστα.

Dewing Hence it was that, considering everything else of less account, he wished to allow the Roman soldiers freely to avail themselves of the chance for flight. For this reason too the Persians also made signs to the fugitives with their hands, urging them to flee as quickly as possible.

Greek οἱ μὲν οὖν στρατιῶται Ῥωμαίων ξὺν τοῖς ἄλλοις ἄρχουσιν ἀπιόντες ᾤχοντο ἅπαντες διὰ πύλης ἣ ἐπὶ Δάφνην ἄγει τὸ τῶν Ἀντιοχέων προάστειον·

Dewing So the soldiers of the Romans together with their commanders took a hasty departure, all of them, through the gate which leads to Daphne, the suburb of Antioch;

Greek ταύτης γὰρ μόνης, τῶν ἄλλων κατειλημμένων, ἀπέσχοντο Πέρσαι· τοῦ δὲ δήμου ὀλίγοι τινὲς ξὺν τοῖς στρατιώταις διέφυγον.

Dewing for from this gate alone the Persians kept away while the others were seized; and of the populace some few escaped with the soldiers.

Greek ἐπεὶ δὲ Πέρσαι ἅπαντας τοὺς Ῥωμαίων στρατιώτας εἶδον πρόσω χωρήσαντας, καταβάντες ἀπὸ τῆς ἄκρας ἐν μέσῃ πόλει ἐγένοντο.

Dewing Then when the Persians saw that all the Roman soldiers had gone on, they descended from the height and got into the middle of the city.

Greek ἐνταῦθα δὲ αὐτοῖς τῶν Ἀντιοχέων νεανίαι πολλοὶ ἐς χεῖρας ἐλθόντες τὰ πρῶτα καθυπέρτεροι ἔδοξαν τῇ ξυμβολῇ εἶναι. ἦσαν δὲ αὐτῶν τινες μὲν ὁπλῖται, οἱ δὲ πλεῖστοι γυμνοὶ καὶ λίθων βολαῖς χρώμενοι μόναις.

Dewing There, however, many of the young men of Antioch engaged in battle with them, and at first they seemed to have the upper hand in the conflict. Some of them were in heavy armour, but the majority were unarmed and using only stones as missiles.

Greek ὠσάμενοι δὲ τοὺς πολεμίους ἐπαιάνιζόν τε καὶ Ἰουστινιανὸν βασιλέα καλλίνικον, ἅτε νενικηκότες, ἀνέκραγον.

Dewing And pushing back the enemy they raised the paean, and with shouts proclaimed the Emperor Justinian triumphant, as if they had won the victory.

Greek Ἐν τούτῳ δὲ Χοσρόης ἐν πύργῳ τῷ κατὰ τὴν ἄκραν καθήμενος τοὺς πρέσβεις ἐθέλων τι εἰπεῖν μετεπέμψατο. καὶ αὐτὸν τῶν τις ἀρχόντων, ὁ Ζαβεργάνης, οἰόμενος ξυμβάσεως πέρι βούλεσθαι τοῖς πρέσβεσιν ἐς λόγους ἰέναι, ἐς ὄψιν τε τῷ

Dewing At this point Chosroes, seated on the tower which is on the height, seemed the ambassadors, wishing to say something. And one of his officers, Zaberganes, thinking that he wished to have words with the ambassadors concerning a settlement, came quickly before the king and spoke as follows:

Greek βασιλεῖ κατὰ τάχος ἦλθε καὶ ἔλεξεν ὧδε “Οὐχὶ ταὐτά μοι δοκεῖς, ὦ δέσποτα, Ῥωμαίοις ἀμφὶ τῇ τούτων σωτηρίᾳ γινώσκειν. οἱ μὲν γὰρ καὶ πρὸ τῶν κινδύνων ὑβρίζουσιν ἐς τὴν βασιλείαν τὴν σὴν καὶ ἡσσημένοι τολμῶσί τε τὰ ἀμήχανα καὶ δρῶσι τοὺς Πέρσας ἀνήκεστα ἔργα, ὥσπερ δεδιότες μή τις αὐτοῖς παρὰ σοὶ φιλανθρωπίας λελείψεται λόγος· σὺ δὲ τούς τε σώζεσθαι οὐκ ἀξιοῦντας ἐλεεῖν βούλει, καὶ φείδεσθαι τῶν οὐδαμῆ ἐθελόντων ἐσπούδακας.

Dewing "Thou dost not seem to me, O Master, to think in the same way as do the Romans concerning the safety of these men. For they both before fighting offer insults to thy kingdom, and when they are defeated dare the impossible and do the Persians irreparable harm, as if fearing lest some reason for shewing them humanity should be left in thee; but thou art wishing to pity those who do not ask to be saved, and hast shewn zeal to spare those who by no means wish it.

Greek οἱ δὲ προλοχίσαντες ἐν ἁλούσῃ πόλει τοὺς νενικηκότας ἐνέδραις τισὶ διαφθείρουσι, καίπερ ἁπάντων

Dewing Meanwhile these men have set an ambush in a captured city and are destroying the victors by means of snares, although all the soldiers have long since fled from them."

Greek αὐτοῖς πάλαι πεφευγότων στρατιωτῶν.” ταῦτα ὁ Χοσρόης ἀκούσας, τῶν ἀρίστων πολλοὺς ἐπ’ αὐτοὺς ἔπεμψεν, οἳ οὐκ ἐς μακρὰν ἐπανήκοντες οὐδὲν ξυμβῆναι φλαῦρον ἀπήγγελλον.

Dewing When Chosroes heard this, he sent a large number of the best troops against them, and these not long afterwards returned and announced that nothing untoward had come to pass.

Greek ἤδη γὰρ Ἀντιοχέας Πέρσαι βιασάμενοι πλήθει ἐτρέψαντο, καὶ γέγονε φόνος ἐνταῦθα πολύς. οἱ γὰρ Πέρσαι οὐδεμιᾶς ἡλικίας φειδόμενοι τοὺς ἐν ποσὶν ἅπαντας ἡβηδὸν ἔκτεινον.

Dewing For already the Persians had forced back the citizens by their numbers and turned them to flight, and a great slaughter took place there. For the Persians did not spare persons of any age and were slaying all whom they met, old and young alike.

Greek τότε φασὶ γυναῖκας τῶν ἐν Ἀντιοχεῦσιν ἐπιφανῶν δύο γενέσθαι μὲν ἔξω τοῦ περιβόλου, αἰσθομένας δὲ ὡς ὑπὸ τοῖς πολεμίοις γενήσονται ʽπανταχόσε γὰρ ἤδη περιιόντες καθεωρῶντὀ δρόμῳ μὲν παρὰ τὸν ποταμὸν Ὀρόντην ἐλθεῖν, φοβουμένας δὲ μή τι σφᾶς ἐς τὸ σῶμα ὑβρίσωσι Πέρσαι, ταῖς τε καλύπτραις ἐγκαλυψαμένας τὰ πρόσωπα καὶ ἐς τὸ τοῦ ποταμοῦ ῥεῦμα ἐμπεσούσας ἀφανισθῆναι. οὕτω πᾶσα κακοῦ τοὺς Ἀντιοχέας ἰδέα ἔσχεν.

Dewing At that time they say that two women of those who were illustrious in Antioch got outside the fortifications, but perceiving that they would fall into the hands of the enemy (for they were already plainly seen going about everywhere), went running to the River Orontes, and, fearing lest the Persians should do them some insult, they covered their faces with their veils and threw themselves into the river's current and were carried out of sight. Thus the inhabitants of Antioch were visited with every form of misfortune.