第2巻 第5章

Greek Ἐπειδὴ δὲ ὁ μὲν χειμὼν ἤδη ὑπέληγε, τρίτον δὲ καὶ δέκατον ἔτος ἐτελεύτα Ἰουστινιανῷ βασιλεῖ τὴν αὐτοκράτορα ἀρχὴν ἔχοντι, Χοσρόης ὁ Καβάδου ἐς γῆν τὴν Ῥωμαίων ἅμα ἦρι ἀρχομένῳ στρατῷ μεγάλῳ ἐσέβαλε, τήν τε ἀπέραντον καλουμένην εἰρήνην λαμπρῶς ἔλυεν. ᾔει δὲ οὐ κατὰ τὴν μέσην τῶν ποταμῶν χώραν, ἀλλὰ τὸν Εὐφράτην ἐν δεξιᾷ ἔχων.

Dewing When the winter was already reaching its close, and the thirteenth year of the reign of the Emperor Justinian was ending, Chosroes, son of Cabades, invaded the land of the Romans at the opening of spring with a mighty army, and openly broke the so‑called endless peace. But he did not enter by the country between the rivers, but advanced with the Euphrates of his right.

Greek ἔστι δὲ τοῦ ποταμοῦ ἐπὶ θάτερα Ῥωμαίων φρούριον ἔσχατον ὃ Κιρκήσιον ἐπικαλεῖται, ἐχυρὸν ἐς τὰ μάλιστα ὄν, ἐπεὶ Ἀβόρρας μὲν ποταμὸς μέγας ἐνταῦθα τὰς ἐκβολὰς ἔχων τῷ Εὐφράτῃ ἀναμίγνυται, τὸ δὲ φρούριον τοῦτο πρὸς αὐτῇ που τῇ γωνίᾳ κεῖται ἣν δὴ τοῖν ποταμοῖν ἡ μίξις ποιεῖται.

Dewing On the other side of the river stands the last Roman stronghold which is called Circesium, an exceedingly strong place, since the River Aborras, a large stream, has its mouth at this point and mingles with the Euphrates, and this fortress lies exactly in the angle which is made by the junction of the two rivers.

Greek καὶ τεῖχος δὲ ἄλλο μακρὸν τοῦ φρουρίου ἐκτὸς χώραν τὴν μεταξὺ ποταμοῦ ἑκατέρου ἀπολαμβάνον τρίγωνον ἐνταῦθα ἀμφὶ τὸ Κιρκήσιον ἐπιτελεῖ σχῆμα.

Dewing And a long second wall outside the fortress cuts off the land between the two rivers, and completes the form of a triangle around Circesium.

Greek διὸ δὴ ὁ Χοσρόης οὔτε φρουρίου ἐθέλων οὕτω δὴ ἐχυροῦ ἀποπειρᾶσθαι οὔτε διαβαίνειν ποταμὸν Εὐφράτην διανοούμενος, ἀλλ’ ἐπὶ Σύρους τε καὶ Κίλικας ἰέναι, οὐδὲν διαμελλήσας, ἐπίπροσθεν τὸν στρατὸν ἤλαυνε, τριῶν τε σχεδόν τι ὁδὸν ἡμερῶν εὐζώνῳ ἀνδρὶ παρὰ τοῦ Εὐφράτου τὴν ὄχθην ἀνύσας πόλει Ζηνοβίᾳ ἐπιτυγχάνει· ἣν ἡ Ζηνοβία ποτὲ δειμαμένη τὴν ἐπωνυμίαν τῇ πόλει,

Dewing Chosroes, therefore, not wishing to make trial of so strong a fortress and not having in mind to cross the River Euphrates, but rather to go against the Syrians and Cilicians, without any hesitation led his army forward, and after advancing for what, to an unencumbered traveller, is about a three days' journey along the bank of the Euphrates, he came upon the city of Zenobia; this place Zenobia had built in former times, and, as was natural, she gave her name to the city.

Greek ὡς τὸ εἰκός, ἔδωκεν. ἦν δὲ ἡ Ζηνοβία Ὀδονάθου γυνή, τῶν ἐκείνῃ Σαρακηνῶν ἄρχοντος, οἳ Ῥωμαίοις μαίοις ἔνσπονδοι ἐκ παλαιοῦ ἦσαν.

Dewing Now Zenobia was the wife of Odonathus, the ruler of the Saracens of that region, who had been on terms of peace with the Romans from of old.

Greek οὗτος ὁ Ὀδονάθος ἀνεσώσατο Ῥωμαίοις τὴν ἑῴαν ἀρχὴν ὑπὸ Μήδοις γεγενημένην. ἀλλὰ ταῦτα μὲν ἐν τοῖς ἄνω χρόνοις ἐγένετο.

Dewing This Odonathus rescued for the Romans the Eastern Empire when it had come under the power of the Medes; but this took place in former times.

Greek Χοσρόης δὲ τότε ἄγχιστά που τῆς Ζηνοβίας ἥκων, ἐπειδὴ τὸ χωρίον οὔτε ἀξιόλογον ἔμαθεν εἶναι καὶ τὴν χώραν κατενόησεν ἀοίκητόν τε καὶ πάντων ἀγαθῶν ἔρημον οὖσαν, δείσας μή τίς οἱ χρόνος ἐνταῦθα τριβεὶς πράξεσι μεγάλαις ἐπ’ οὐδενὶ ἔργῳ ἐμπόδιος εἴη, ἀπεπειράσατο μὲν ὁμολογίᾳ τὸ χωρίον ἑλεῖν. ὡς δὲ οὐδὲν προὐχώρει, πρόσω κατὰ τάχος τὸν στρατὸν ἤλαυνεν.

Dewing Chosroes then came near to Zenobia, but upon learning that the place was not important and observing that the land was untenanted and destitute of all good things, he feared lest any time spent by him there would be wasted on an affair of no consequence and would be a hindrance to great undertakings, and he attempted to force the place to surrender. But meeting with no success, he hastened his march forward.

Greek Ὁδόν τε αὖθις τοσαύτην ἀνύσας ἀφίκετο ἐς πόλιν Σούρων πρὸς τῷ Εὐφράτῃ ποταμῷ οὖσαν,

Dewing After again accomplishing a journey of equal extent, he reached the city of Sura, which is on the River Euphrates, and stopped very close to it.

Greek ἧς δὴ ἀγχοτάτω γενόμενος ἔστη. ἐνταῦθα δὲ τῷ ἵππῳ ξυνέβη ἐφ’ οὗ ὁ Χοσρόης ἐκάθητο χρεμετίσαι τε καὶ τῷ ποδὶ τὸ ἔδαφος κρούειν. ὃ δὴ οἱ μάγοι ξυμβαλόντες ἁλώσεσθαι τὸ χωρίον ἀπέφαινον.

Dewing There it happened that the horse on which Chosroes neighed and stamped the ground with his foot. And the Magi considered the meaning of this incident and announced that the place would be captured.

Greek ὁ δὲ στρατοπεδευσάμενος ἐπὶ τὸν περίβολον ὡς τειχομαχήσων τὸ στράτευμα ἐπῆγεν.

Dewing Chosroes then made camp and led his army against the fortifications to assail the wall.

Greek ἐτύγχανε δέ τις ὄνομα μὲν Ἀρσάκης, Ἀρμένιος δὲ γένος, τῶν ἐνταῦθα στρατιωτῶν ἄρχων, ὃς τοὺς στρατιώτας ἐς τὰς ἐπάλξεις ἀναβιβάσας, ἐνθένδε τε μαχόμενος ἰσχυρότατα καὶ πολλοὺς τῶν πολεμίων κτείνας, τοξεύματι βληθεὶς ἐτελεύτησε.

Dewing Now it happened that a certain Arsaces, an Armenian by birth, was commander of the soldiers in the town; and he made the soldiers mount the parapets, and fighting from there most valiantly slew many of the enemy, but was himself struck by an arrow and died.

Greek καὶ Πέρσαι μὲν τότε ʽἦν γὰρ τῆς ἡμέρας ὀψἒ ὡς αὖθις τῇ ὑστεραίᾳ τειχομαχήσοντες ἐπὶ τὸ στρατόπεδον ἀνεχώρησαν, Ῥωμαῖοι δὲ ἀπογνόντες, ἅτε τετελευτηκότος σφίσι τοῦ ἄρχοντος, ἱκέται διενοοῦντο Χοσρόου γενέσθαι·

Dewing And then, since it was late in the day, the Persians retired to their camp in order to assail the wall again on the following day; but the Romans were in despair since their leader was dead, and were purposing to make themselves suppliants of Chosroes.

Greek τῇ οὖν ἐπιούσῃ ἡμέρᾳ τὸν τῆς πόλεως ἐπίσκοπον δεησόμενόν τε καὶ τὸ χωρίον ἐξαιτησόμενον ἔπεμψαν, ὃς τῶν ὑπηρετῶν τινας ἐπαγόμενος ὄρνις τε φέροντας καὶ οἶνον καὶ καθαροὺς ἄρτους, παρὰ Χοσρόην ἀφίκετο, ἐς δὲ τὸ ἔδαφος καθῆκεν αὑτὸν καὶ δεδακρυμένος ἱκέτευε φείδεσθαι ἀνθρώπων οἰκτρῶν καὶ πόλεως Ῥωμαίοις μὲν ἀτιμοτάτης, Πέρσαις δὲ ἐν οὐδενὶ λόγῳ οὔτε τὰ πρότερα γεγενημένης οὔτε ὕστερόν ποτε ἐσομένης· λύτρα τέ οἱ τοὺς Σουρηνοὺς δώσειν σφῶν τε αὐτῶν καὶ πόλεως ἧσπερ οἰκοῦσιν ἐπαξίως ὑπέσχετο.

Dewing On the following day, therefore, they sent the bishop of the city to plead for them and to beg that the town be spared; so he took with him some of his attendants, who carried fowls and wine and clean loaves, and came before Chosroes; there he threw himself on the ground, and with tears supplicated him to spare a pitiable population and a city altogether without honour in the eyes of the Romans, and one which in past times had never been of any account to the Persians, and which never would be such thereafter; and he promised that the men of Sura would give have ransom worthy of themselves and the city which they inhabited.

Greek Χοσρόης δὲ Σουρηνοῖς μὲν χαλεπῶς εἶχεν, ὅτι δὴ αὐτῷ πρῶτοι περιπεπτωκότες Ῥωμαίων ἁπάντων οὔτε τῇ πόλει ἐδέξαντο ἐθελούσιοι, ἀλλὰ καὶ ἀνταίρειν οἱ ὅπλα τολμήσαντες πολύν τινα δοκίμων Περσῶν ὅμιλον ἔκτειναν.

Dewing But Chosroes was angry with the townsmen because, being the first he had met of all the Romans, they had not willingly received him into their city, but even daring to raise their arms against him had slain a large number of Persian notables.

Greek τὴν μέντοι ὀργὴν οὐκ ἐξήνεγκεν, ἀλλ’ ὑπὸ τῷ προσώπῳ ἀκριβῶς ἔκρυψεν, ὅπως τὴν κόλασιν ἐς Σουρηνοὺς ποιησάμενος φοβερόν τε Ῥωμαίοις αὑτὸν καὶ ἄμαχόν τινα καταστήσηται. οὕτω γάρ οἱ προσχωρήσειν οὐδενὶ πόνῳ ὑπετόπαζε τοὺς ἐν ποσὶν ἀεὶ γενησομένους.

Dewing However he did not disclose his anger, but carefully concealed it behind a smooth countenance, in order that by carrying out the punishment of the inhabitants of Sura he might make himself in the eyes of the Romans a fearful person and one not to be resisted. For by acting in this way he calculated that those who would from time to time come in his way would yield to him without trouble.

Greek διὸ δὴ ξύν τε φιλοφροσύνῃ πολλῇ τὸν ἐπίσκοπον ἐξανέστησε, καὶ τὰ δῶρα δεξάμενος παρείχετό τινα δόκησιν ὡς ἀμφὶ τοῖς Σουρηνῶν λύτροις αὐτίκα κοινολογησόμενος Περσῶν τοῖς λογίμοις εὖ τὴν δέησιν διαθήσεται.

Dewing Accordingly with great friendliness he caused the bishop to rise, and receiving the gifts, gave the impression, in a way, that he would immediately confer with the notables out of the Persians concerning the ransom of the townsmen, and would settle their request favourably.

Greek οὕτω τε ξὺν τοῖς ἑπομένοις τὸν ἐπίσκοπον ἀπεπέμψατο οὐδεμίαν τῆς ἐπιβουλῆς αἴσθησιν ἔχοντα, καί οἱ τῶν ἐν Πέρσαις δοκίμων τινὰς παραπομποὺς ἐσομένους δῆθεν τῷ λόγῳ ξυνέπεμψεν.

Dewing Thus he dismissed the bishop and his following without any suspect of the plot, and he sent with him certain of the men of note among the Persians, who were to be ostensibly an escort.

Greek οὓς δὴ λάθρα ἐκέλευε μὲν ἰέναι ξὺν αὐτῷ ἄχρι ἐς τὸ τεῖχος, παρηγοροῦντας καί τισιν ἀγαθαῖς ἐπαίροντας ἐλπίσιν, ὥστε αὐτὸν καὶ τοὺς ξὺν αὐτῷ ἅπαντας χαίροντάς τε καὶ οὐδὲν δεδιότας τοῖς ἔνδον ὀφθῆναι.

Dewing These men he secretly commanded to go with him as far as the wall, encouraging him and cheering him with fair hopes, so that he and all those with him should be seen by those inside rejoi­cing and fearing nothing.

Greek ἐπειδὰν δὲ οἱ φύλακες ἀνακλίναντες τὴν πυλίδα τῇ πόλει αὐτοὺς δέχεσθαι μέλλωσι, λίθον τινὰ ἢ ξύλον τοῦ τε οὐδοῦ καὶ τῆς θύρας μεταξὺ ῥίψαντες οὐ ξυγχωρεῖν ἐπιτίθεσθαι, ἀλλὰ καὶ αὐτοὺς τοῖς ἐπιθεῖναι βουλομένοις χρόνον δή τινα ἐμποδὼν ἵστασθαι· οὐκ εἰς μακρὰν γὰρ αὐτοῖς τὸν στρατὸν ἕψεσθαι.

Dewing But when the guards had set the gate open and about to receive them into the city, they were to throw a stone or block of wood between the threshold and the gate and not allow them to shut it, but should themselves for a time stand in the way of those who wished to close it; for not long afterwards the army would follow them.

Greek Ταῦτα τοῖς ἀνδράσιν ὁ Χοσρόης ἐντειλάμενος ἐν παρασκευῇ τὸν στρατὸν ἐποιεῖτο, δρόμῳ τε χωρεῖν ἐπὶ τὴν πόλιν ὅταν αὐτὸς σημήνῃ ἐκέλευεν.

Dewing After giving these directions to the men Chosroes made ready the army, and commanded them to advance upon the city on the run whenever he should give the signal.

Greek ἐπεὶ δὲ ἄγχιστα τοῦ περιβόλου ἐγένοντο, οἱ μὲν Πέρσαι τὸν ἐπίσκοπον ἀσπασάμενοι ἐκτὸς ἔμενον, οἱ δὲ Σουρηνοὶ περιχαρῆ γεγονότα τὸν ἄνδρα ὁρῶντες ξὺν τιμῇ τε πολλῇ προπεμπόμενον πρὸς τῶν πολεμίων, ἀφροντιστήσαντες δυσκόλων ἁπάντων τήν τε πυλίδα ὅλην ἀνέῳγον καὶ τὸν ἱερέα ξὺν τοῖς ἑπομένοις κροτοῦντές τε καὶ πολλὰ εὐφημοῦντες ἐδέξαντο.

Dewing So when they came close to the fortifications, the Persians bade farewell to the bishop and remained outside, and the townsmen, seeing that the man was exceedingly happy and that he was being escorted in great honour by the enemy, forgetting all their difficulties opened the gate wide, and received the priest and his following with clapping of hands and much shouting.

Greek ἐπεί τε ἅπαντες εἴσω ἐγένοντο, τὴν μὲν πυλίδα ὡς ἐπιθήσοντες οἱ φύλακες ὤθουν, οἱ δὲ Πέρσαι λίθον ὃς αὐτοῖς παρεσκεύαστο ἐν μέσῳ ἐρρίπτουν.

Dewing And when all got inside, the guards began to push the gate in order to close it, but the Persians flung down a stone, which they had provided, between it and the threshold.

Greek οἵ τε φύλακες ἔτι μᾶλλον ὠθοῦντές τε καὶ βιαζόμενοι ἐξικνεῖσθαι τῇ πυλίδι ἐς τὸν οὐδὸν οὐδαμῆ ἴσχυον.

Dewing And the guards pushed and struggled still more, but were quite unable to get the gate back to the threshold.

Greek οὐ μὴν οὐδὲ ἀνοιγνύναι αὐτὴν αὖθις ἐτόλμων, ἐπεὶ πρὸς τῶν πολεμίων αὐτὴν ἔχεσθαι ᾔσθοντο. τινὲς δὲ οὐ λίθον, ἀλλὰ ξύλον Πέρσας ἐς τὴν πυλίδα φασὶν ἐμβεβλῆσθαι.

Dewing On the other hand they dared not open it again, since they perceived that it was held by the enemy. But some say that it was not a stone but a block of wood which the Persians threw into the gateway.

Greek οὔπω δὲ Σουρηνῶν σχεδόν τι τῆς ἐπιβουλῆς ᾐσθημένων, παρῆν τε τῷ παντὶ ὁ Χοσρόης στρατῷ καὶ τὴν πυλίδα οἱ βάρβαροι βιασάμενοι ἀνεπέτασαν, δι’ ὀλίγου τε κατὰ κράτος ἥλω.

Dewing When the townsmen had as yet scarcely realized the plot, Chosroes was at hand with his whole army, and the barbarians forced back and flung open the gate, which was soon carried by storm.

Greek εὐθὺς μὲν οὖν θυμῷ ὁ Χοσρόης ἐχόμενος τάς τε οἰκίας ἐληίσατο καὶ τῶν ἀνθρώπων πολλοὺς μὲν κτείνας, τοὺς δὲ λοιποὺς ἅπαντας ἐν ἀνδραπόδων ποιησάμενος λόγῳ πυρπολήσας τε ξύμπασαν τὴν πόλιν ἐς ἔδαφος καθεῖλεν.

Dewing Straightway, then, Chosroes, filled with wrath, plundered the houses and put to death great numbers of the population; all the remainder he reduced to slavery, and setting fire to the whole city razed it to the ground.

Greek οὕτω τε τὸν Ἀναστάσιον ἀπεπέμψατο, Ἰουστινιανῷ βασιλεῖ ἀπαγγέλλειν κελεύσας ὅπῃ. ποτὲ γῆς Χοσρόην τὸν Καβάδου ἀπολιπὼν εἴη.

Dewing Then he dismissed Anastasius, bidding him announce to the Emperor Justinian where in the world he had left Chosroes, son of Cabades.

Greek Μετὰ δέ, εἴτε φιλανθρωπίᾳ εἴτε φιλοχρηματίᾳ ἐχόμενος, ἢ γυναικὶ χαριζόμενος ἣν δὴ ἐνθένδε δορυάλωτον ἐξελών, Εὐφημίαν ὄνομα, γυναῖκα γαμετὴν ἐποιήσατο, ἔρωτα ἐξαίσιον αὐτῆς ἐρασθείς ʽἦν γὰρ τὴν ὄψιν εὐπρεπὴς μάλιστἀ δρᾶν τι ἀγαθὸν ὁ Χοσρόης τοὺς Σουρηνοὺς ἔγνω.

Dewing Afterwards either through motives of humanity or of avarice, or as granting a favour to a woman whom he had taken as a captive from the city, Euphemia by name, Chosroes decided to show some kindness to the inhabitants of Sura; for he had conceived for this woman an extraordinary love (for she was exceedingly beautiful to look upon), and had made her his wedded wife.

Greek πέμψας οὖν ἐς Σεργιούπολιν, τὴν Ῥωμαίων κατήκοον, ἣ Σεργίου ἐπιφανοῦς ἁγίου ἐπώνυμός ἐστι, πόλεως τῆς ἁλούσης ἓξ καὶ εἴκοσι καὶ ἑκατὸν σταδίοις διέχουσα, κειμένη δὲ αὐτῆς πρὸς ἄνεμον νότον ἐν τῷ βαρβαρικῷ καλουμένῳ πεδίῳ, Κάνδιδον τὸν ταύτῃ ἐπίσκοπον κεντηναρίοιν δυοῖν δισχιλίους τε καὶ μυρίους ὄντας ὠνεῖσθαι τοὺς αἰχμαλώτους ἐκέλευεν.

Dewing He sent, accordingly, to Sergiopolis, a city subject to the Romans, named from Sergius, a famous saint, distant from the captured city one hundred and twenty‑six stades and lying to the south of it in the so‑called Barbarian Plain, and bade Candidus, the bishop of the city, purchase the captives, twelve thousand in number, for two centenaria.

Greek ὁ δέ ʽχρήματα γάρ οἱ οὐκ ἔφασκεν εἶναἰ τὴν πρᾶξιν ἄντικρυς ἀνεδύετο. διὸ δὴ αὐτὸν ὁ Χοσρόης ἠξίου ἐν βιβλιδίῳ τὴν ὁμολογίαν ἀφέντα τοῦ δώσειν χρόνῳ τῷ ὑστέρῳ τὰ χρήματα οὕτω δὴ ὀλίγων χρημάτων πρίασθαι ἀνδράποδα τοσαῦτα τὸ πλῆθος.

Dewing But the bishop, alleging that he had no money, refused absolutely to undertake the matter. Chosroes therefore requested him to set down in a document the agreement that he would give the money at a later time, and thus to purchase for a small sum such a multitude of slaves.

Greek Κάνδιδος δὲ κατὰ ταῦτα ἐποίει, καὶ τὸ μὲν χρυσίον ὡμολόγησεν ἐνιαυτοῦ δώσειν, ὅρκους δεινοτάτους ὀμωμοκώς, ζημίαν δέ οἱ αὐτῷ διώρισε ταύτην, ἢν μὴ διδοίη χρόνῳ τῷ ξυγκειμένῳ τὰ χρήματα, διπλάσια μὲν αὐτὰ δώσειν, αὐτὸν δὲ ἱερέα μηκέτι εἶναι, ἅτε τὰ ὀμωμοσμένα ἠλογηκότα.

Dewing Candidus did as directed, promising to give the money within a year, and swore the most sire oaths, specifying that he should receive the following punishment if he should not give the money at the time agreed upon, that he should pay double the amount and should himself be no longer a priest, as one who had neglected his sworn promise.

Greek ταῦτα Κάνδιδος ἐν γραμματείῳ γράψας τοὺς Σουρηνοὺς ἅπαντας ἔλαβεν.

Dewing And after setting down these things in writing, Candidus received all the inhabitants of Sura.

Greek ὧν ὀλίγοι μέν τινες διεβίωσαν, οἱ δὲ πλεῖστοι ἀντέχειν τῇ ξυμπεσούσῃ ταλαιπωρίᾳ οὐχ οἷοί τε ὄντες ὀλίγῳ ὕστερον διεφθάρησαν. ταῦτα διαπεπραγμένος Χοσρόης πρόσω ἐπῆγε τὸ στράτευμα.

Dewing And some few among them survived, but the majority, unable to support the misery which had fallen to their lot, succumbed soon afterwards. After the settlement of this affair Chosroes led his army forward.