第1巻 第24章

Greek Ὑπὸ δὲ τοὺς αὐτοὺς χρόνους ἐν Βυζαντίῳ στάσις τῷ δήμῳ ἐκ τοῦ ἀπροσδοκήτου ἐνέπεσεν, ἣ μεγίστη τε παρὰ δόξαν ἐγένετο καὶ ἐς κακὸν μέγα τῷ τε δήμῳ καὶ τῇ βουλῇ ἐτελεύτησε τρόπῳ τοιῷδε.

Dewing At this same time an insurrection broke out unexpectedly in Byzantium among the populace, and, contrary to expectation, it proved to be a very serious affair, and ended in great harm to the people and to the senate, as the following account will show.

Greek οἱ δῆμοι ἐν πόλει ἑκάστῃ ἔς τε Βενέτους ἐκ παλαιοῦ καὶ Πρασίνους διῄρηντο, οὐ πολὺς δὲ χρόνος ἐξ οὗ τούτων τε τῶν ὀνομάτων καὶ τῶν βάθρων ἕνεκα οἷς δὴ θεώμενοι ἐφεστήκασι, τά τε χρήματα δαπανῶσι καὶ τὰ σώματα αἰκισμοῖς πικροτάτοις προΐενται καὶ θνήσκειν οὐκ ἀπαξιοῦσι θανάτῳ αἰσχίστῳ:

Dewing In every city the population has been divided for a long time past into the Blue and the Green factions; but within comparatively recent times it has come about that, for the sake of these names and the seats which the rival factions occupy in watching the games, they spend their money and abandon their bodies to the most cruel tortures, and even do not think it unworthy to die a most shameful death.

Greek μάχονται δὲ πρὸς τοὺς ἀντικαθισταμένους, οὔτε εἰδότες ὅτου αὐτοῖς ἕνεκα ὁ κίνδυνός ἐστιν, ἐξεπιστάμενοί τε ὡς, ἢν καὶ περιέσωνται τῶν δυσμενῶν τῇ μάχῃ, λελείψεται αὐτοῖς ἀπαχθῆναι μὲν αὐτίκα ἐς τὸ δεσμωτήριον, αἰκιζομένοις δὲ τὰ ἔσχατα εἶτα ἀπολωλέναι.

Dewing And they fight against their opponents knowing not for what end they imperil themselves, but knowing well that, even if they overcome their enemy in the fight, the conclusion of the matter for them will be to be carried off straightway to the prison, and finally, after suffering extreme torture, to be destroyed.

Greek φύεται μὲν οὖν αὐτοῖς τὸ ἐς τοὺς πέλας ἔχθος αἰτίαν οὐκ ἔχον, μένει δὲ ἀτελεύτητον ἐς τὸν πάντα αἰῶνα, οὔτε κήδει οὔτε ξυγγενείᾳ οὔτε φιλίας θεσμῷ εἶκον, ἢν καὶ ἀδελφοὶ ἢ ἄλλο τι τοιοῦτον οἱ ἐς τὰ χρώματα ταῦτα διάφοροι εἶεν.

Dewing So there grows up in them against their fellow men a hostility which has no cause, and at no time does it cease or disappear, for it gives place neither to the ties of marriage nor of relation­ship nor of friendship, and the case is the same even though those who differ with respect to these colours be brothers or any other kin.

Greek μέλει τε αὐτοῖς οὔτε θείων οὔτε ἀνθρωπείων πραγμάτων παρὰ τὸ ἐν τούτοις νικᾶν, ἤν τέ τι ἀσέβημα ἐς τὸν θεὸν ὑφ᾽ ὁτουοῦν ἁμαρτάνηται ἤν τε οἱ νόμοι καὶ ἡ πολιτεία πρὸς τῶν οἰκείων ἢ τῶν πολεμίων βιάζωνται, ἐπεὶ καὶ τῶν ἐπιτηδείων σπανίζοντες ἴσως κἀν τοῖς ἀναγκαιοτάτοις ἀδικουμένης αὐτοῖς τῆς πατρίδος, οὐ προσποιοῦνται, ἤν γε αὐτοῖς κεῖσθαι τὸ μέρος ἐν καλῷ μέλλῃ: οὕτω γὰρ τοὺς συστασιώτας καλοῦσι.

Dewing They care neither for things divine nor human in comparison with conquering in these struggles; and it matters not whether a sacrilege is committed by anyone at all against God, or whether the laws and the constitution are violated by friend or by foe; nay even when they are perhaps ill supplied with the necessities of life, and when their fatherland is in the most pressing need and suffering unjustly, they pay no heed if only it is likely to go well with their "faction"; for so they name the bands of partisans.

Greek μεταλαγχάνουσι δὲ τοῦ ἄγους τούτου καὶ γυναῖκες αὐτοῖς, οὐ τοῖς ἀνδράσιν ἑπόμεναι μόνον, ἀλλὰ καὶ τούτοις, ἂν οὕτω τύχοι, ἀντιστατοῦσαι, καίπερ οὔτε εἰς τὰ θέατρα τὸ παράπαν ἰοῦσαι οὔτε τῳ ἄλλῳ αἰτίῳ ἠγμέναι: ὥστε οὐκ ἔχω ἄλλο τι ἔγωγε τοῦτο εἰπεῖν ἢ ψυχῆς νόσημα. ταῦτα μὲν οὖν ταῖς τε πόλεσι καὶ δήμῳ ἑκάστῳ ὧδέ πη ἔχει.

Dewing And even women join with them in this unholy strife, and they not only follow the men, but even resist them if opportunity offers, although they neither go to the public exhibitions at all, nor are they impelled by any other cause; so that I, for my part, am unable to call this anything except a disease of the soul. This, then, is pretty well how matters stand among the people of each and every city.

Greek Τότε δὲ ἡ ἀρχή, ἣ τῷ δήμῳ ἐφειστήκει ἐν Βυζαντίῳ, τῶν στασιωτῶν τινας τὴν ἐπὶ θανάτῳ ἀπῆγε. ξυμφρονήσαντες δὲ καὶ σπεισάμενοι πρὸς ἀλλήλους ἑκάτεροι τούς τε ἀγομένους ἁρπάζουσι καὶ ἐς τὸ δεσμωτήριον αὐτίκα ἐσβάντες ἀφιᾶσιν ἅπαντας ὅσοι στάσεως ἢ ἑτέρου του ἁλόντες ἀτοπήματος ἐδέδεντο.

Dewing But at this time the officers of the city administration in Byzantium were leading away to death some of the rioters. But the members of the two factions, conspiring together and declaring a truce with each other, seized the prisoners and then straightway entered the prison and released all those who were in confinement there, whether they had been condemned on a charge of stirring up sedition, or for any other unlawful act.

Greek καὶ οἱ μὲν ὑπηρέται, ὅσοι τῇ τῆς πόλεως ἀρχῇ ἕπονται, ἐκτείνοντο οὐδενὶ λόγῳ, τῶν δὲ πολιτῶν εἴ τι καθαρὸν ἦν ἐς τὴν ἀντιπέρας ἤπειρον ἔφευγον, καὶ τῇ πόλει πῦρ ἐπεφέρετο, ὡς δὴ ὑπὸ πολεμίοις γεγενημένῃ.

Dewing And all the attendants in the service of the city government were killed indiscriminately; meanwhile, all of the citizens who were sane-minded were fleeing to the opposite mainland, and fire was applied to the city as if it had fallen under the hand of an enemy.

Greek καὶ τὸ ἱερὸν ἡ Σοφία τό τε βαλανεῖον ὁ Ζεύξιππος καὶ τῆς βασιλέως αὐλῆς τὰ ἐκ τῶν προπυλαίων ἄχρι ἐς τὸν Ἄρεως λεγόμενον οἶκον καυθέντα ἐφθάρη, ἐπὶ τούτοις τε ἄμφω αἱ μεγάλαι στοαὶ μέχρι τῆς ἀγορᾶς ἀνήκουσαι ἣ Κωνσταντίνου ἐπώνυμός ἐστιν, εὐδαιμόνων τε ἀνθρώπων οἰκίαι πολλαὶ καὶ χρήματα μεγάλα.

Dewing The sanctuary of Sophia and the baths of Zeuxippus, and the portion of the imperial residence from the propylaea as far as the so‑called House of Ares were destroyed by fire, and besides these both the great colonnades which extended as far as the market place which bears the name of Constantine, in addition to many houses of wealthy men and a vast amount of treasure.

Greek βασιλεὺς δὲ καὶ ἡ συνοικοῦσα καὶ τῶν ἀπὸ βουλῆς ἔνιοι καθείρξαντες σφᾶς αὐτοὺς ἐν παλατίῳ ἡσύχαζον. ξύμβολον δὲ ἀλλήλοις ἐδίδοσαν οἱ δῆμοι τὸ νίκα, καὶ ἀπ᾽ αὐτοῦ ἐς τόδε τοῦ χρόνου ἡ κατάστασις ἐκείνη προσαγορεύεται.

Dewing During this time the emperor and his consort with a few members of the senate shut themselves up in the palace and remained quietly there. Now the watchword which the populace passed around to one another was Nika,⁠ and the insurrection has been called by this name up to the present time.

Greek Τότε τῆς μὲν αὐλῆς ἔπαρχος Ἰωάννης ἦν ὁ Καππαδόκης, Τριβουνιανὸς δέ, Πάμφυλος γένος, βασιλεῖ πάρεδρος: κοιαίστωρα τοῦτον καλοῦσι Ῥωμαῖοι.

Dewing The praetorian prefect at that time was John the Cappadocian, and Tribunianus, a Pamphylian by birth, was counsellor to the emperor; this person the call "quaestor."

Greek τούτοιν ἅτερος, Ἰωάννης, λόγων μὲν τῶν ἐλευθερίων καὶ παιδείας ἀνήκοος ἦν. οὐ γὰρ ἄλλο οὐδὲν ἐς γραμματιστοῦ φοιτῶν ἔμαθεν, ὅτι μὴ γράμματα, καὶ ταῦτα κακὰ κακῶς γράψαι: φύσεως δὲ ἰσχύϊ πάντων γέγονε δυνατώτατος ὧν ἡμεῖς ἴσμεν.

Dewing One of these two men, John, was entirely without the advantages of a liberal education; for he learned nothing while attending the elementary school except his letters, and these, too, poorly enough; but by his natural ability he became the most powerful man of whom we know.

Greek γνῶναί τε γὰρ τὰ δέοντα ἱκανώτατος ἦν καὶ λύσιν τοῖς ἀπόροις εὑρεῖν. πονηρότατος δὲ γεγονὼς ἀνθρώπων ἁπάντων τῇ τῆς φύσεως δυνάμει ἐς τοῦτο ἐχρῆτο, καὶ οὔτε θεοῦ λόγος οὔτε ἀνθρώπων αὐτὸν αἰδώς τις ἐσῄει, ἀλλὰ βίους τε αὐτῷ ἀνθρώπων πολλῶν ἀπολλύναι κέρδους ἕνεκα καὶ πόλεις ὅλας καθελεῖν ἐπιμελὲς ἦν.

Dewing For he was most capable in deciding upon what was needful and in finding a solution for difficulties. But he became the basest of all men and employed his natural power to further his low designs; neither consideration for God nor any shame before man entered into his mind, but to destroy the lives of many men for the sake of gain and to wreck whole cities was his constant concern.

Greek χρόνου γοῦν ὀλίγου χρήματα μεγάλα περιβαλόμενος, ἐς κραιπάλην τινὰ ἐκλελάκτικεν ὅρον οὐκ ἔχουσαν, ἄχρι μὲν ἐς τὸν τοῦ ἀρίστου καιρὸν ληιζόμενος τὰς τῶν ὑπηκόων οὐσίας, μέθῃ δὲ τὸ λοιπὸν καὶ σώματος ἔργοις ἀσελγέσιν ἠσχολημένος:

Dewing So within a short time indeed he had acquired vast sums of money, and he flung himself completely into the sordid life of a drunken scoundrel; for up to the time of lunch each day he would plunder the property of his subjects and for the rest of the day occupy himself with drinking and with wanton deeds of lust.

Greek κατέχειν δὲ ἑαυτὸν οὐδαμῆ ἴσχυεν, ἀλλὰ τά τε βρώματα μέχρι ἐς τὸν ἔμετον ἤσθιε καὶ τὰ χρήματα κλέπτειν μὲν ἦν ἐς ἀεὶ ἕτοιμος, προΐεσθαι δὲ καὶ δαπανᾶν ἑτοιμότερος. Ἰωάννης μὲν οὖν τοιοῦτός τις ἦν.

Dewing And he was utterly unable to control himself, for he ate food until he vomited, and he was always ready to steal money and more ready to bring it out and spend it. Such a man then was John.

Greek Τριβουνιανὸς δὲ φύσεως μὲν δυνάμει ἐχρῆτο καὶ παιδείας ἐς ἄκρον ἀφίκετο τῶν κατ᾽ αὐτὸν οὐδενὸς ἧσσον, ἐς δὲ φιλοχρηματίαν δαιμονίως ἐσπουδακὼς οἷός τε ἦν κέρδους ἀεὶ τὸ δίκαιον ἀποδίδοσθαι, τῶν τε νόμων ἡμέρᾳ ἐκ τοῦ ἐπὶ πλεῖστον ἑκάστῃ τοὺς μὲν ἀνῄρει, τοὺς δὲ ἔγραφεν, ἀπεμπολῶν τοῖς δεομένοις κατὰ τὴν χρείαν ἑκάτερον.

Dewing Tribunianus, on the other hand, both possessed natural ability and in educational attainments was inferior to none of his contemporaries; but he was extraordinarily fond of the pursuit of money and always ready to sell justice for gain; therefore every day, as a rule, he was repealing some laws and proposing others, selling off to those who requested it either favour according to their need.

Greek Ἕως μὲν οὖν ὁ δῆμος ὑπὲρ τῶν ἐν τοῖς χρώμασιν ὀνομάτων τὸν πόλεμον πρὸς ἀλλήλους διέφερον, λόγος οὐδεὶς ἦν ὧν οὗτοι ἐς τὴν πολιτείαν ἡμάρτανον: ἐπεὶ δὲ ξυμφρονήσαντες, ὥσπερ ἐρρήθη, ἐς τὴν στάσιν κατέστησαν, ἔκ τε τοῦ ἐμφανοῦς ἀνὰ πᾶσαν τὴν πόλιν ἐς αὐτοὺς ὕβριζον καὶ περιιόντες ἐζήτουν ἐφ᾽ ᾧ κτείνωσι. διὸ δὴ βασιλεὺς ἑταιρίζεσθαι τὸν δῆμον ἐθέλων ἄμφω τῆς ἀρχῆς ἐν τῷ παραυτίκα παρέλυσε.

Dewing Now as long as the people were waging this war with each other in behalf of the names of the colours, no attention was paid to the offences of these men against the constitution; but when the factions came to a mutual understanding, as has been said, and so began the sedition, then openly throughout the whole city they began to abuse the two and went about seeking them to kill. Accordingly the emperor, wishing to win the people to his side, instantly dismissed both these men from office.

Greek καὶ Φωκᾶν μέν, ἄνδρα πατρίκιον, ἔπαρχον τῆς αὐλῆς κατεστήσατο, ξυνετώτατόν τε καὶ τοῦ δικαίου ἐπιμελεῖσθαι ἱκανῶς πεφυκότα: Βασιλείδην δὲ τὴν τοῦ κοιαίστωρος ἀρχὴν ἔχειν ἐκέλευεν, ἔκ τε ἐπιεικείας γνώριμον ἐν πατρικίοις ὄντα καὶ ἄλλως δόκιμον.

Dewing And Phocas, a patrician, he appointed praetorian prefect, a man of the greatest discretion and fitted by nature to be a guardian of justice; Basilides he commanded to fill the office of quaestor, a man known among the patricians for his agreeable qualities and a notable besides.

Greek οὐδὲν μέντοι ἧσσον ἡ στάσις ἐπ᾽ αὐτοῖς ἤκμαζε. πέμπτῃ δὲ ἀπὸ τῆς στάσεως ἡμέρᾳ περὶ δείλην ὀψίαν Ἰουστινιανὸς βασιλεὺς Ὑπατίῳ τε καὶ Πομπηίῳ τοῖς Ἀναστασίου τοῦ βεβασιλευκότος ἀδελφιδοῖς οἴκαδε ὡς τάχιστα ἐπέσκηπτεν ἰέναι, εἴτε τι νεώτερον πράσσεσθαι πρὸς αὐτῶν ἐς σῶμα τὸ οἰκεῖον ὑποτοπήσας εἴτε καὶ αὐτοὺς ἡ πεπρωμένη ἐς τοῦτο ἦγεν.

Dewing However, the insurrection continued no less violently under them. Now on the fifth day of the insurrection in the late afternoon the Emperor Justinian gave orders to Hypatius and Pompeius, nephews of the late emperor, Anastasius, to go home as quickly as possible, either because he suspected that some plot was being matured by them against his own person, or, it may be, because destiny brought them to this.

Greek οἱ δέ, ὅπερ ἐγένετο, δείσαντες μὴ σφᾶς ὁ δῆμος ἐς τὴν βασιλείαν βιάζοιτο, ἔφασαν οὐ δίκαια ποιήσειν εἰ σφῶν τὸν βασιλέα παρήσουσιν ἐς τοσόνδε κίνδυνον ἥκοντα.

Dewing But they feared that the people would force them to the throne (as in fact fell out), and they said that they would be doing wrong if they should abandon their sovereign when he found himself in such danger.

Greek ταῦτα ἀκούσας Ἰουστινιανὸς βασιλεὺς ἔτι μᾶλλον ἐς τὴν ὑποψίαν ἐνέπιπτε, καὶ αὐτοὺς αὐτίκα μάλα ἐκέλευεν ἀπαλλάσσεσθαι. οὕτω γοῦν οἴκαδε τὼ ἄνδρε τούτω ἐκομιζέσθην καί, τέως μὲν νὺξ ἐτύγχανεν οὖσα, ἐνταῦθα ἡσυχαζέτην.

Dewing When the Emperor Justinian heard this, he inclined still more to his suspicion, and he bade them quit the palace immediately. Thus, then, these two men betook themselves to their homes, and, as long as it was night, they remained there quietly.

Greek Τῇ δὲ ὑστεραίᾳ ἅμα ἡλίῳ ἀνίσχοντι ἔκπυστα ἐς τὸν δῆμον ἐγένετο ὡς ἀμφοτέρω ἀπηλλαγήτην τῆς ἐν παλατίῳ διατριβῆς. ἔτρεχον οὖν ἐπ᾽ αὐτοὺς ὁ λεὼς ἅπας, βασιλέα τε Ὑπάτιον ἀνηγόρευον, καὶ αὐτὸν ὡς παραληψόμενον τὰ πράγματα ἐς τὴν ἀγορὰν ἦγον.

Dewing But on the following day at sunrise it became known to the people that both men had quit the palace where they had been staying. So the whole population ran to them, and they declared Hypatius emperor and prepared to lead him to the market-place to assume the power.

Greek ἡ δὲ Ὑπατίου γυνὴ Μαρία, ξυνετή τε οὖσα καὶ δόξαν ἐπὶ σωφροσύνῃ μεγίστην ἔχουσα, εἴχετο μὲν τοῦ ἀνδρὸς καὶ οὐ μεθίει, ἐβόα δὲ ὀλολυγῇ τε χρωμένη καὶ τοῖς ἐπιτηδείοις ἅπασιν ἐγκελευομένη, ὡς αὐτὸν τὴν ἐπὶ θανάτῳ οἱ δῆμοι ἄγοιεν.

Dewing But the wife of Hypatius, Mary, a discreet woman, who had the greatest reputation for prudence, laid hold of her husband and would not let go, but cried out with loud lamentation and with entreaties to all her kinsmen that the people were leading him on the road to death.

Greek ὑπερβιαζομένου μέντοι τοῦ ὁμίλου, αὐτή τε οὐχ ἑκοῦσα μεθῆκε τὸν ἄνδρα καὶ αὐτὸν ὁ λεὼς οὔτι ἑκούσιον ἐς τὴν Κωνσταντίνου ἀγορὰν ἥκοντα ἐς τὴν βασιλείαν ἐκάλουν, καὶ (οὐ γὰρ ἦν αὐτοῖς οὔτε διάδημα οὔτε τι ἄλλο ὧν δὴ βασιλέα περιβάλλεσθαι νόμος) στρεπτόν τινα χρυσοῦν ἐπὶ τῇ κεφαλῇ θέμενοι βασιλέα Ῥωμαίων ἀνεῖπον.

Dewing But since the throng over­powered her, she unwillingly released her husband, and he by no will of his own came to the Forum of Constantine, where they summoned him to the throne; then since they had neither diadem nor anything else with which it is customary for a king to be clothed, they placed a golden necklace upon his head and proclaimed him Emperor of the Romans.

Greek ἤδη δὲ καὶ τῶν ἐκ βουλῆς ξυνιόντων, ὅσοι οὐκ ἀπολειφθέντες ἐτύγχανον ἐν τῇ βασιλέως αὐλῇ, πολλαὶ μὲν ἐλέγοντο γνῶμαι ὡς αὐτοῖς ἰτέον ἀγωνιουμένοις ἐς παλάτιον:

Dewing By this time the members of the senate were assembling, — as many of them had not been left in the Emperor's residence, — and many expressed the opinion that they should go to the palace to fight.

Greek Ὠριγένης δέ, ἀνὴρ ἐκ βουλῆς, παρελθὼν ἔλεξε τοιάδε Τὰ μὲν παρόντα ἡμῖν, ὦ ἄνδρες Ῥωμαῖοι, πράγματα μὴ οὐχὶ πολέμῳ διακριθῆναι οὐχ οἷόν τε. πόλεμος δὲ καὶ βασιλεία τὰ μέγιστα τῶν ἐν ἀνθρώποις ἁπάντων ὡμολόγηται εἶναι.

Dewing But Origenes, a man of the senate, came forward and spoke as follows: "Fellow Romans, it is impossible that the situation which is upon us be solved in any way except by war. Now war and royal power are agreed to be the greatest of all things in the world.

Greek τῶν δὲ δὴ πράξεων αἱ μεγάλαι οὐ βραχύτητι καιροῦ κατορθοῦσθαι θέλουσιν, ἀλλ᾽ εὐβουλίᾳ τε λογισμῶν καὶ πόνοις σωμάτων, ἅπερ ἄνθρωποι ἐς χρόνου μῆκος ἐνδείκνυνται.

Dewing But when action involves great issues, it refuses to be brought to a successful issue by the brief crisis of a moment, but this is accomplished only by wisdom of thought and energy of action, which men display for a length of time.

Greek ἢν μὲν οὖν ἐπὶ τὸν πολέμιον ἴοιμεν, ἐπὶ ξυροῦ μὲν ἀκμῆς τὰ πράγματα ἡμῖν στήσεται, περὶ δὲ τῶν ὅλων ἐν βραχεῖ διακινδυνεύσομεν χρόνῳ, τῶν δὲ ἀποβήσεσθαι μελλόντων ἕνεκα τὴν τύχην ἢ προσκυνήσομεν ἢ μεμψόμεθα πάντως.

Dewing Therefore if we should go out against the enemy, our cause will hang in the balance, and we shall be taking a risk which will decide everything in a brief space of time; and, as regards the consequences of such action, we shall either fall down and worship Fortune or reproach her altogether.

Greek τὰ γὰρ τῶν πραγμάτων ὀξύτατα ἐς τὸ τῆς τύχης ὡς τὰ πολλὰ περιίσταται κράτος. ἢν δὲ σχολαίτερον τὰ παρόντα διοικησώμεθα, οὐδὲ βουλομένοις παρέσται ἡμῖν Ἰουστινιανὸν ἐν παλατίῳ λαβεῖν, ἀλλ᾽ ἀγαπήσει ὡς τάχιστα ἤν τις αὐτὸν ἐῴη φυγεῖν.

Dewing For those things whose issue is most quickly decided, fall, as a rule, under the sway of fortune. But if we handle the present situation more deliberately, not even if we wish shall we be able to take Justinian in the palace, but he will very speedily be thankful if he is allowed to flee;

Greek ἀρχὴ γὰρ περιορωμένη καταρρεῖν εἴωθεν, ἀποληγούσης αὐτῇ τῆς ἰσχύος ἐς ἡμέραν ἑκάστην. ἔστι τοίνυν ἡμῖν βασίλεια ἕτερα, Πλακιλλιαναί τε καὶ τὰ Ἑλένης ἐπώνυμα, ὅθεν χρὴ βασιλέα τόνδε ὁρμώμενον τόν τε πόλεμον διενεγκεῖν καὶ

Dewing for authority which is ignored always loses its power, once its strength ebbs away with each day. Moreover we have other palaces, both Placillianae and the palace named from Helen, which this emperor should make his headquarters and from there he should carry on the war and attend to the ordering of all other matters in the best possible way."

Greek τὰ ἄλλα διοικήσασθαι ᾗ ἄμεινον ἕξει. Ὠριγένης μὲν τοσαῦτα εἶπεν. οἱ δὲ δὴ ἄλλοι, ὅπερ φιλεῖ ὅμιλος ποιεῖν, ὀξύτερόν τε ἀντελαμβάνοντο καὶ τὸ παραυτίκα ᾤοντο ξύμφορον εἶναι, καὶ οὐχ ἥκιστά γε Ὑπάτιος (χρῆν γάρ οἱ γενέσθαι κακῶς) τῆς ἐπὶ τὸν ἱππόδρομον ὁδοῦ ἐκέλευεν ἡγεῖσθαι. τινὲς δέ φασιν ἐξεπίτηδες αὐτὸν ἐνταῦθα ἥκειν, βασιλεῖ εὐνοϊκῶς ἔχοντα.

Dewing So spoke Origenes. But the rest, as a crowd is accustomed to do, insisted more excitedly and thought that the present moment was opportune, and not least of all Hypatius (for it was fated that evil should befall him) bade them lead the way to the hippodrome. But some say that he came there purposely, being well-disposed toward the emperor.

Greek Οἱ δὲ ἀμφὶ τὸν βασιλέα ἐν βουλῇ ἦσαν, πότερα μένουσιν αὐτοῖς ἢ ταῖς ναυσὶν ἐς φυγὴν τρεπομένοις ἄμεινον ἔσται. καὶ λόγοι μὲν πολλοὶ ἐλέγοντο ἐς ἑκάτερα φέροντες.

Dewing Now the emperor and his court were deliberating as to whether it would be better for them if they remained or if they took to flight in the ships. And many opinions were expressed favouring either course.

Greek καὶ Θεοδώρα δὲ ἡ βασιλὶς ἔλεξε τοιάδε Τὸ μὲν γυναῖκα ἐν ἀνδράσι μὴ χρῆναι τολμᾶν ἢ ἐν τοῖς ἀποκνοῦσι νεανιεύεσθαι, τὸν παρόντα οἶμαι καιρὸν ἥκιστα ἐφεῖναι διασκοπεῖσθαι εἴτε ταύτῃ εἴτε ἄλλῃ πη νομιστέον.

Dewing And the Empress Theodora also spoke to the following effect: "As to the belief that a woman ought not to be daring among men or to assert herself boldly among those who are holding back from fear, I consider that the present crisis most certainly does not permit us to discuss whether the matter should be regarded in this or in some other way.

Greek οἷς γὰρ τὰ πράγματα ἐς κίνδυνον τὸν μέγιστον ἥκει, οὐκ ἄλλο οὐδὲν εἶναι δοκεῖ ἄριστον ἢ τὰ ἐν ποσὶν ὡς ἄριστα θέσθαι.

Dewing For in the case of those whose interests have come into the greatest danger nothing else seems best except to settle the issue immediately before them in the best possible way.

Greek ἡγοῦμαι δὲ τὴν φυγὴν ἔγωγε, εἴπερ ποτέ, καὶ νῦν, ἢν καὶ τὴν σωτηρίαν ἐπάγηται, ἀξύμφορον εἶναι. ἀνθρώπῳ μὲν γὰρ ἐς φῶς ἥκοντι τὸ μὴ οὐχὶ καὶ νεκρῷ γενέσθαι ἀδύνατον, τῷ δὲ βεβασιλευκότι τὸ φυγάδι εἶναι οὐκ ἀνεκτόν.

Dewing My opinion then is that the present time, above all others, is inopportune for flight, even though it bring safety. For while it is impossible for a man who has seen the light not also to die, for one who has been an emperor it is unendurable to be a fugitive.

Greek μὴ γὰρ ἂν γενοίμην τῆς ἁλουργίδος ταύτης χωρίς, μηδ᾽ ἂν τὴν ἡμέραν ἐκείνην βιῴην, ἐν ᾗ με δέσποιναν οἱ ἐντυχόντες οὐ προσεροῦσιν. εἰ μὲν οὖν σώζεσθαί σοι βουλομένῳ ἐστίν, ὦ βασιλεῦ, οὐδὲν τοῦτο πρᾶγμα.

Dewing May I never be separated from this purple, and may I not live that day on which those who meet me shall not address me as mistress. If, now, it is your wish to save yourself, O Emperor, there is no difficulty.

Greek χρήματα γάρ τε πολλὰ ἔστιν ἡμῖν, καὶ θάλασσα μὲν ἐκείνη, πλοῖα δὲ ταῦτα. σκόπει μέντοι μὴ διασωθέντι ξυμβήσεταί σοι ἥδιστα ἂν τῆς σωτηρίας τὸν θάνατον ἀνταλλάξασθαι. ἐμὲ γάρ τις καὶ παλαιὸς ἀρέσκει λόγος, ὡς καλὸν ἐντάφιον

Dewing For we have much money, and there is the sea, here the boats. However consider whether it will not come about after you have been saved that you would gladly exchange that safety for death. For as for myself, I approve a certain ancient saying that royalty is a good burial-shroud."

Greek ἡ βασιλεία ἐστί. τοσαῦτα τῆς βασιλίδος εἰπούσης, θάρσος τε τοῖς πᾶσιν ἐπεγένετο καὶ ἐς ἀλκὴν τραπόμενοι ἐν βουλῇ ἐποιοῦντο ᾗ ἂν ἀμύνεσθαι δυνατοὶ γένοιντο, ἤν τις ἐπ᾽ αὐτοὺς πολεμήσων ἴοι.

Dewing When the queen had spoken thus, all were filled with boldness, and, turning their thoughts towards resistance, they began to consider how they might be able to defend themselves if any hostile force should come against them.

Greek οἱ μὲν οὖν στρατιῶται ξύμπαντες, οἵ τε ἄλλοι καὶ ὅσοι ἀμφὶ τὴν βασιλέως αὐλὴν ἐτετάχατο, οὔτε τῷ βασιλεῖ εὐνοϊκῶς εἶχον οὔτε ἐς τὸ ἐμφανὲς ἔργου ἔχεσθαι ἤθελον, ἀλλὰ τὸ μέλλον ἐκαραδόκουν ὅπη ἐκβήσεται.

Dewing Now the soldiers as a body, including those who were stationed about the emperor's court, were neither well disposed to the emperor nor willing openly to take an active part in fighting, but were waiting for what the future would bring forth.

Greek πᾶσαν δὲ τὴν ἐλπίδα ἐν Βελισαρίῳ τε καὶ Μούνδῳ ὁ βασιλεὺς εἶχεν, ὧν ἅτερος μέν, Βελισάριος, ἄρτι ἐκ τοῦ Μηδικοῦ ἐπανήκων πολέμου τήν τε ἄλλην θεραπείαν δυνατήν τε καὶ λόγου ἀξίαν ἐπήγετο καὶ δορυφόρων τε εἶχε καὶ ὑπασπιστῶν πλῆθος ἔν τε ἀγῶσι καὶ τοῖς τοῦ πολέμου κινδύνοις τὰς μελέτας πεποιημένον.

Dewing All the hopes of the emperor were centred upon Belisarius and Mundus, of whom the former, Belisarius, had recently returned from the Persian war bringing with him a following which was both powerful and imposing, and in particular he had a great number of spearmen and guards who had received their training in battles and the perils of warfare.

Greek Μοῦνδος δέ, Ἰλλυριῶν στρατηγὸς ἀποδεδειγμένος, τύχῃ τινὶ ξυνεκύρησε βαρβάρους Ἐρούλους ἐπαγαγόμενος κατά τινα χρείαν ἐς Βυζάντιον μετάπεμπτος ἥκειν.

Dewing Mundus had been appointed general of the Illyrians, and by mere chance had happened to come under summons to Byzantium on some necessary errand, bringing with him Erulian barbarians.

Greek Ὑπάτιος μὲν οὖν ἐπειδὴ εἰς τὸν ἱππόδρομον ἀφίκετο, ἀναβαίνει μὲν αὐτίκα οὗ δὴ βασιλέα καθίστασθαι νόμος, κάθηται δὲ ἐς τὸν βασίλειον θρόνον, ὅθεν ἀεὶ βασιλεὺς εἰώθει τόν τε ἱππικὸν καὶ γυμνικὸν θεᾶσθαι ἀγῶνα.

Dewing When Hypatius reached the hippodrome, he went up immediately to where the emperor is accustomed to take his place and seated himself on the royal throne from which the emperor was always accustomed to view the equestrian and athletic contests.

Greek ἐκ δὲ παλατίου Μοῦνδος μὲν διὰ πύλης ἐξῄει, ἔνθα δὴ ὁ κοχλίας ἀπὸ τῆς καθόδου κυκλοτεροῦς οὔσης ὠνόμασται.

Dewing And from the palace Mundus went out through the gate which, from the circling descent, has been given the name of the Snail.

Greek Βελισάριος δὲ τὰ μὲν πρῶτα εὐθὺ αὐτοῦ τε Ὑπατίου καὶ θρόνου τοῦ βασιλείου ἀνέβαινεν, ὡς δὲ ἐς τὸ πλησίον οἴκημα ἦλθεν οὗ δὴ στρατιωτῶν φρουρὰ ἐκ παλαιοῦ ἐστιν, ἐβόα τοῖς στρατιώταις ἐγκελευόμενος ἀνοιγνύναι οἱ τὴν θύραν ὡς τάχιστα ὅπως ἐπὶ τὸν τύραννον ἴοι.

Dewing Belisarius meanwhile began at first to go straight up toward Hypatius himself and the royal throne, and when he came to the adjoining structure where there has been a guard of soldiers from of old, he cried out to the soldiers commanding them to open the door for him as quickly as possible, in order that he might go against the tyrant.

Greek δεδογμένον δὲ τοῖς στρατιώταις μηδετέρῳ ἀμύνειν ἕως αὐτῶν ἅτερος λαμπρῶς νικῴη, ὡς ἥκιστα ἐπαΐειν δοκοῦντες διεκρούσαντο.

Dewing But since the soldiers had decided to support neither side, until one of them should be manifestly victorious, they pretended not to hear at all and thus put him off.

Greek ἀναστρέψας οὖν Βελισάριος ὡς βασιλέα, διεφθάρθαι ἰσχυρίζετο σφίσι τὰ πράγματα.

Dewing So Belisarius returned to the emperor and declared that the day was lost for them, for the soldiers who guarded the palace were rebelling against him.

Greek νεωτερίζειν γὰρ ἐς αὐτὸν τοὺς στρατιώτας οἳ τὴν παλατίου φρουρὰν ἔχουσιν. ἐκέλευεν οὖν αὐτὸν βασιλεὺς ἐπὶ τὴν καλουμένην Χαλκῆν καὶ τὰ ἐνταῦθα προπύλαια ἰέναι.

Dewing The emperor therefore commanded him to go to the so‑called Bronze Gate and the propylaea there.

Greek ὁ δὲ δὴ μόλις καὶ οὔτε κινδύνων οὔτε πόνων μεγάλων χωρὶς δἰ ἐρειπίων τε καὶ χωρίων ἡμιφλέκτων διεξιὼν ἐς τὸ ἱππικὸν ἀναβαίνει.

Dewing So Belisarius, with difficulty and not without danger and great exertion, made his way over ground covered by ruins and half-burned buildings, and ascended to the stadium.

Greek καὶ ἐπειδὴ παρὰ τὴν Βενέτειον ἐγεγόνει στοάν, ἣ τοῦ βασιλέως θρόνου ἐν δεξιᾷ ἐστιν, ἐβούλευσε μὲν ἐπὶ πρῶτον αὐτὸν Ὑπάτιον ἰέναι, βραχείας δὲ οὔσης ἐνταῦθα πυλίδος ἣ ἀπεκέκλειστό τε καὶ ὑπὸ τῶν ἐντὸς Ὑπατίου στρατιωτῶν ἐφυλάσσετο, κατωρρώδησε μή οἱ ἐν στενῷ πονουμένῳ ὁ δῆμος ξυνεπιθέμενος αὐτόν τε καὶ τοὺς ἑπομένους ἅπαντας διαφθείραντες ῥᾷόν τε καὶ ἀπονώτερον ἐπὶ βασιλέα χωρήσωσι.

Dewing And when he had reached the Blue Colonnade which is on the right of the emperor's throne, he purposed to go against Hypatius himself first; but since there was a small door there which had been closed and was guarded by the soldiers of Hypatius who were inside, he feared lest while he was struggling in the narrow space the populace should fall upon him, and after destroying both himself and all his followers, should proceed with less trouble and difficulty against the emperor.

Greek λογισάμενος οὖν ὥς οἱ ἐπὶ τὸν δῆμον ἰτέον ἐστίν, οἳ ἐν τῷ ἱπποδρόμῳ ἑστήκεσαν, πλήθει τε ἄμετροι καὶ μετὰ πολλῆς ἀκοσμίας ὑπ᾽ ἀλλήλων ὠθούμενοι, ἀπὸ τοῦ κολεοῦ τὸ ξίφος ἀράμενος τοῖς τε ἄλλοις κατὰ ταὐτὰ ποιεῖν ἐπαγγείλας, δρόμῳ τε καὶ κραυγῇ ἐπ᾽ αὐτοὺς ᾔει.

Dewing Concluding, therefore, that he must go against the populace who had taken their stand in the hippodrome — a vast multitude crowding each other in great disorder — he drew his sword from its sheath and, commanding the others to do likewise, with a shout he advanced upon them at a run.

Greek ὁ δὲ δῆμος, ἅτε δὴ ἐν ὁμίλῳ καὶ οὐκ ἐν τάξει ἱστάμενοι, ἐπειδὴ στρατιώτας εἶδον τεθωρακισμένους τε καὶ δόξαν πολλὴν ἐπί τε ἀνδρίᾳ καὶ πολέμων ἐμπειρίᾳ ἔχοντας, καὶ τοῖς ξίφεσιν οὐδεμιᾷ φειδοῖ παίοντας, ἐς φυγὴν ὥρμηντο.

Dewing But the populace, who were standing in a mass and not in order, at the sight of armoured soldiers who had a great reputation for bravery and experience in war, and seeing that they strike out with their swords unsparingly, beat a hasty retreat.

Greek κραυγῆς δὲ πολλῆς, ὡς τὸ εἰκός, γεγενημένης, πλησίον που ἑστηκὼς Μοῦνδος καὶ βουλόμενος ἔργου ἔχεσθαι (ἦν γάρ τις τολμητὴς καὶ δραστήριος), ἀπορούμενος δὲ ᾗ χρήσεται τοῖς παροῦσιν, ἐπειδὴ ἐτεκμήρατο ὡς Βελισάριος ἐν τῷ πόνῳ εἴη, εὐθὺς ἐπὶ τὸ ἱπποδρόμιον διὰ τῆς εἰσόδου ἣ Νεκρὰ καλεῖται εἰσβάλλει.

Dewing Then a great outcry arose, as was natural, and Mundus, who was standing not far away, was eager to join in the fight, — for he was a daring and energetic fellow — but he was at a loss as to what he should do under the circumstances; when, however, he observed that Belisarius was in the struggle, he straightway made a sally into the hippodrome through the entrance which they call the Gate of Death.

Greek τότε δὴ ἑκατέρωθεν οἱ Ὑπατίου στασιῶται κατὰ κράτος πλησσόμενοι διεφθείροντο. ἐπεὶ δὲ ἡ τροπὴ λαμπρὰ ἐγεγόνει καὶ φόνος ἦν ἤδη τοῦ δήμου πολύς, Βοραΐδης τε καὶ Ἰοῦστος, Ἰουστινιανοῦ βασιλέως ἀνεψιοί, χεῖρας αὐτοῖς οὐδενὸς ἀνταίρειν τολμῶντος, καθεῖλόν τε ἀπὸ τοῦ θρόνου Ὑπάτιον καὶ αὐτὸν ἐσαγαγόντες βασιλεῖ ἅμα Πομπηίῳ παρέδωκαν.

Dewing Then indeed from both sides the partisans of Hypatius were assailed with might and main and destroyed. When the rout had become complete and there had already been great slaughter of the populace, Boraedes and Justus, nephews of the Emperor Justinian, without anyone daring to lift a hand against them, dragged Hypatius down from the throne, and, leading him in, handed him over together with Pompeius to the emperor.

Greek θνήσκουσί τε τοῦ δήμου πλέον ἢ τρισμύριοι ἐν ταύτῃ τῇ ἡμέρᾳ. βασιλεὺς δὲ αὐτοὺς ἐν φυλακῇ χαλεπῇ ἐκέλευεν εἶναι.

Dewing And there perished among the populace on that day more than thirty thousand. But the emperor commanded the two prisoners to be kept in severe confinement.

Greek ἐνταῦθα Πομπήιος μὲν ἐδάκρυέ τε καὶ ἄξια ἐλέου ἐφθέγγετο: ἦν γὰρ δὴ ὁ ἀνὴρ πραγμάτων τε καὶ κακῶν τοιούτων ἥκιστα ἔμπειρος: Ὑπάτιος δὲ αὐτὸν πολλὰ ὀνειδίσας οὐκ ἔφη χρῆναι τοὺς οὐκ ἐν δίκῃ ἀπολουμένους ὀδύρεσθαι.

Dewing Then, while Pompeius was weeping and uttering pitiable words (for the man was wholly inexperienced in such misfortunes), Hypatius reproached him at length and said that those who were about to die unjustly should not lament.

Greek ἀρχήν τε γὰρ ὑπὸ τοῦ δήμου ἄκοντας βιασθῆναι, καὶ οὐκ ἐπὶ κακῷ τοῦ βασιλέως ὕστερον ἐς τὸ ἱπποδρόμιον ἀφικέσθαι. κτείναντες δὲ οἱ στρατιῶται τῇ ὑστεραίᾳ ἑκάτερον, ἐς θάλασσαν καθῆκαν τὰ σώματα.

Dewing For in the beginning they had been forced by the people against their will, and afterwards they had come to the hippodrome with no thought of harming the emperor. And the soldiers killed both of them on the following day and threw their bodies into the sea.

Greek βασιλεὺς δὲ αὐτῶν τε τὰ χρήματα ἐς τὸ δημόσιον ἀνάγραπτα ἐποιήσατο καὶ ἄλλων τῶν ἐκ βουλῆς ἁπάντων οἳ δὴ τὴν γνώμην ξὺν αὐτοῖς ἔθεντο.

Dewing The emperor confiscated all their property for the public treasury, and also that of all the other members of the senate who had sided with them.

Greek ἔπειτα μέντοι τοῖς τε ἄλλοις ἅπασι καὶ τοῖς Ὑπατίου καὶ Πομπηίου παισὶ τά τε ἀξιώματα οἷς πρότερον ἐχρῶντο ἀπέδωκε καὶ τῶν χρημάτων ὅσοις τῶν ἐπιτηδείων τινὰς οὐκ ἔτυχε δωρησάμενος. ἐς τόδε μὲν Βυζαντίῳ ἡ στάσις ἐτελεύτα.

Dewing Later, however, he restored to the children of Hypatius and Pompeius and to all others the titles which they had formerly held, and as much of their property as he had not happened to bestow upon his friends. This was the end of the insurrection in Byzantium. The Loeb Editor's Note: 1 i.e. "Conquer." ◂ previous next ▸ Images with borders lead to more information. The thicker the border, the more information. (Details here.) UP TO: Persian Wars Ancient Military History Military History Home Procopius Greek & Latin Texts LacusCurtius A page or image on this site is in the public domain ONLY if its URL has a total of one *asterisk. If the URL has two **asterisks, the item is copyright someone else, and used by permission or fair use. If the URL has none the item is © Bill Thayer. See my copyright page for details and contact information. Page updated: 14 Sep 20 Accessibility