第1巻 第13章

Greek Χρόνῳ δὲ οὐ πολλῷ ὕστερον Ἰουστῖνος βασιλέα τὸν ἀδελφιδοῦν Ἰουστινιανὸν ξὺν αὑτῷ ἀνειπὼν ἐτελεύτησε, καὶ ἀπ᾽ αὐτοῦ ἐς μόνον Ἰουστινιανὸν ἡ βασιλεία ἦλθεν.

Dewing Not long after this Justinus, who had declared his nephew Justinian emperor with him, died, and thus the empire came to Justinian alone.

Greek οὗτος Ἰουστινιανὸς ἐκέλευε Βελισάριον δείμασθαι φρούριον ἐν χωρίῳ Μίνδουος, ὃ πρὸς αὐτοῖς ἐστι τοῖς Περσῶν ὁρίοις,

Dewing This Justinian commanded Belisarius to build a fortress in a place called Mindouos, which is over against the very boundary of Persia, on the left as one goes to Nisibis.

Greek ἐν ἀριστερᾷ ἐς Νίσιβιν ἰόντι. ὁ μὲν οὖν σπουδῇ πολλῇ τὰ βασιλεῖ δόξαντα ἐπιτελῆ ἐποίει, τό τε ὀχύρωμα ἐς ὕψος ἤδη πολυανθρωπίᾳ τεχνιτῶν ᾔρετο.

Dewing He accordingly with great haste began to carry out the decision of the emperor, and the fort was already rising to a considerable height by reason of the great number of artisans.

Greek Πέρσαι δὲ ἀπεῖπον μὴ οἰκοδομήσασθαι περαιτέρω μηδέν, οὐ λόγοις μόνον, ἀλλὰ καὶ τοῖς ἔργοις διακωλυταὶ ἀπειλοῦντες οὐκ ἐς μακρὰν ἔσεσθαι.

Dewing But the Persians forbade them to build any further, threatening that, not with words alone but also with deeds, they would at no distant time obstruct the work.

Greek ταῦτα ἐπεὶ βασιλεὺς ἤκουσεν (οὐ γὰρ οἷός τε ἦν Βελισάριος Πέρσας ἐνθένδε τῷ παρόντι στρατῷ ἀποκρούεσθαἰ, ἄλλην τε στρατιὰν ἐπήγγελλεν αὐτόσε ἰέναι καὶ Κούτζην τε καὶ Βούζην, οἳ τῶν ἐν Λιβάνῳ στρατιωτῶν ἦρχον τότε. τούτω δὲ ἀδελφὼ μὲν ἐκ Θρᾴκης ἤστην, νέω δὲ ἄμφω καὶ οὐ ξὺν τῷ ἀσφαλεῖ τοῖς πολεμίοις εἰς χεῖρας ἰόντε.

Dewing When the emperor heard this, inasmuch as Belisarius was not able to beat off the Persians from the place with the army he had, he ordered another army to go thither, and also Coutzes and Bouzes, who at that time commanded the soldiers in Libanus.⁠ These two were brothers from Thrace, both young and inclined to be rash in engaging with the enemy.

Greek ἑκάτεροι μὲν οὖν ξυλλεγέντες ἐπὶ τὴν οἰκοδομίαν ἀθρόοι ᾔεσαν, Πέρσαι μὲν αὐτὴν παντὶ σθένει διακωλύσοντες, Ῥωμαῖοι δὲ τοῖς τεκταινομένοις ἐπαμυνοῦντες.

Dewing So both armies were gathered together and came in full force to the scene of the building operations, the Persians in order to hinder the work with all their power, and the Romans to defend the labourers.

Greek μάχης δὲ καρτερᾶς γενομένης ἡσσῶνται Ῥωμαῖοι, φόνος τε αὐτῶν πολὺς γέγονε, τινὰς δὲ καὶ ἐζώγρησαν οἱ πολέμιοι.

Dewing And a fierce battle took place in which the Romans were defeated, and there was a great slaughter of them, while some all were made captive by the enemy. Among these was Coutzes himself.

Greek ἐν τούτοις ἦν καὶ Κούτζης. οὓς δὴ οἱ Πέρσαι ἅπαντας ἐς τὰ οἰκεῖα ἤθη ἀπαγαγόντες, δήσαντές τε τὸν ἅπαντα χρόνον ἐν σπηλαίῳ καθεῖρξαν, καὶ τοῦ φρουρίου τὴν οἰκοδομίαν οὐδενὸς ἔτι ἀμυνομένου εἰς ἔδαφος καθεῖλον.

Dewing All these captives the Persians led away to their own country, and, putting them in chains, confined them permanently in a cave; as for the fort, since no one defended it any longer, they razed what had been built to the ground.

Greek Ὕστερον δὲ βασιλεὺς Ἰουστινιανὸς στρατηγὸν τῆς ἕω Βελισάριον καταστησάμενος, στρατεύειν ἐπὶ Πέρσας ἐκέλευεν. ὁ δὲ στρατιὰν λόγου πολλοῦ ἀξίαν ἀγείρας ἐς Δάρας ἦλθε.

Dewing After this the Emperor Justinian appointed Belisarius General of the East and bade him make an expedition against the Persians. And he collected a very formidable army and came to Daras.

Greek καί οἱ Ἑρμογένης ξυνδιακοσμήσων τὸν στρατὸν ἐκ βασιλέως ἀφίκετο, τὸ τοῦ μαγίστρου ἀξίωμα ἔχων, ὃς Βιταλιανῷ παρήδρευε πρότερον ἡνίκα βασιλεῖ Ἀναστασίῳ πολέμιος ἦν.

Dewing Hermogenes also came to him from the emperor to assist in setting the army in order, holding the office of magister; this man was formerly counsellor to Vitalianus at the time when he was at war with the Emperor Anastasius.

Greek καὶ Ῥουφῖνον δὲ πρεσβευτὴν βασιλεὺς ἔπεμψεν, ὃν δὴ ἐν Ἱεραπόλει τῇ πρὸς τῷ Εὐφράτῃ ποταμῷ μένειν, ἕως αὐτὸς σημήνῃ, ἐκέλευε. λόγοι γὰρ ἤδη πολλοὶ ἀμφοτέροις ἀμφὶ τῇ εἰρήνῃ ἐγίνοντο.

Dewing The emperor also sent Rufinus as ambassador, commanding him to remain in Hierapolis on the Euphrates River until he himself should give the word. For already much was being said on both sides concerning peace.

Greek ἄφνω δέ τις Βελισαρίῳ τε καὶ Ἑρμογένει ἀπήγγελλεν ὡς Πέρσαι ἐσβάλλειν ἐπίδοξοί εἰσιν ἐς γῆν τὴν Ῥωμαίων, πόλιν Δάρας αἱρήσειν ἐν σπουδῇ ἔχοντες.

Dewing Suddenly, however, someone reported to Belisarius and Hermogenes that the Persians were expected to invade the land of the Romans, being eager to capture the city of Daras.

Greek οἱ δὲ ταῦτα ἀκούσαντες τὰ ἐς τὴν παράταξιν ἐξηρτύοντο ὧδε. τῆς πύλης ἣ πόλεως Νισίβιδος καταντικρὺ κεῖται οὐ μακρὰν ἄποθεν, ἀλλ᾽ ὅσον λίθου βολήν, τάφρον βαθεῖάν τινα ὤρυξαν, διεξόδους πολλὰς ἔχουσαν. οὐκ ἐπ᾽ εὐθείας μέντοι ἡ τάφρος ἥδε ὀρώρυκτο, ἀλλὰ τρόπῳ τοιῷδε.

Dewing And when they heard this, they prepared for the battle as follows. Not far from the gate which lies opposite the city of Nisibis, about a stone's throw away, they dug a deep trench with many passages across it. Now this trench was not dug in a straight line, but in the following manner.

Greek κατὰ μὲν τὸ μέσον βραχεῖά τις ἐγεγόνει εὐθεῖα, ἐφ᾽ ἑκάτερα δὲ αὐτῆς ὀρθαὶ κεραῖαι πεποίηντο δύο, ἔς τε τὰ πέρατα ταῖν ὀρθαῖν κεραίαιν αὖθις τὰς τάφρους ἐπὶ πλεῖστον εὐθείας ἐξῆγον.

Dewing In the middle there was a rather short portion straight, and at either end of this there were dug two cross trenches at right angles to the first; and starting from the stills of the two cross trenches, they continued two straight trenches in the original direction to a very great distance.

Greek οἱ μὲν οὖν Πέρσαι οὐκ ἐς μακρὰν στρατῷ πολλῷ ἦλθον, ἔν τὲ Ἀμμώδιος χωρίῳ, πόλεως Δάρας μέτρῳ εἴκοσι σταδίων ἀπέχοντι,

Dewing Not long afterwards the Persians came with a great army, and all of them made camp in a place called Ammodios, at a distance of twenty stades from the city of Daras.

Greek ἐστρατοπεδεύσαντο ἅπαντες. ἄρχοντες δὲ ἄλλοι τε ἦσαν καὶ Πιτυάξης καὶ Βαρεσμανᾶς ἑτερόφθαλμος. στρατηγὸς δὲ εἷς ἅπασιν ἐφειστήκει, Πέρσης ἀνήρ, μιρράνης μὲν τὸ ἀξίωμα (οὕτω γὰρ τὴν ἀρχὴν καλοῦσι Πέρσαἰ, Περόζης δὲ ὄνομα.

Dewing Among the leaders of this army were Pityaxes and the one‑eyed Baresmanas. But one general held command over them all, a Persian, whose title was "mirranes" (for thus the Persians designate this office), Perozes by name.

Greek ὃς δὴ αὐτίκα παρὰ Βελισάριον πέμψας τὸ βαλανεῖον ἐν παρασκευῇ ἐκέλευε ποιεῖσθαι: λοῦσθαι γάρ οἱ ἐνταῦθα τῇ ὑστεραίᾳ βουλομένῳ εἶναι.

Dewing This Perozes immediately sent to Belisarius bidding him make ready the bath: for he wished to bathe there on the following day.

Greek διὸ δὴ Ῥωμαῖοι τὰ ἐς τὴν ξυμβολὴν καρτερώτατα ἐξηρτύοντο, ὡς ἡμέρᾳ τῇ ἐπιγενησομένῃ μαχούμενοι.

Dewing Accordingly the Romans made the most vigorous preparations for the encounter, with the expectation that they would fight on the succeeding day.

Greek Ἅμα τε ἡλίῳ ἀνίσχοντι τοὺς πολεμίους ἐπὶ σφᾶς προϊόντας ὁρῶντες ἐτάξαντο ὧδε. εὐθείας μὲν τὰ ἔσχατα τῆς ἀριστερᾶς ἣ ἔνερθεν ἦν τῆς ὀρθῆς κεραίας μέχρι ἐς τὸν λόφον ὃς ταύτῃ ἀνέχει, Βούζης εἶχε ξὺν ἱππεῦσι πολλοῖς καὶ Φάρας Ἔρουλος ξὺν ὁμογενέσι τριακοσίοις:

Dewing At sunrise, seeing the enemy advancing against them, they arrayed themselves as follows.⁠ The extremity of the left straight trench which joined the cross trench, as far as the hill which rises here, was held by Bouzes with a large force of horsemen and by Pharas the Erulian with three hundred of his nation.

Greek ἐν δεξιᾷ δὲ αὐτῶν τῆς τάφρου ἐκτὸς κατὰ τὴν γωνίαν ἣν ἥ τε ὀρθὴ κεραία καὶ ἡ ἐνθένδε εὐθεῖα ἐποίει, Σουνίκας τε ἦν καὶ Ἀϊγάν, Μασσαγέται γένος, ξὺν ἱππεῦσιν ἑξακοσίοις, ὅπως, ἢν οἵ τε ἀμφὶ Βούζην καὶ Φάραν τραπεῖεν, αὐτοὶ πλάγιοι κατὰ τάχος ἰόντες κατὰ νώτου τε τῶν πολεμίων γινόμενοι τοῖς ἐκείνῃ Ῥωμαίοις ἀμύνειν εὐπετῶς δύνωνται. ἐπὶ θάτερα δὲ τρόπῳ τῷ αὐτῷ ἐτετάχατο:

Dewing On the right of these, outside the trench, at the angle formed by the cross trench and the straight section which extended from that point, were Sunicas and Aigan, Massagetae by birth, with six hundred horsemen, in order that, if those under Bouzes and Pharas should be driven back, they might, by moving quickly, be able easily to support the Romans at that point. On the other wing also they were arrayed in the same manner;

Greek τῆς μὲν γὰρ εὐθείας τὰ ἔσχατα ἱππεῖς πολλοὶ εἶχον, ὧν Ἰωάννης τε ὁ Νικήτου ἦρχε καὶ Κύριλλός τε καὶ Μάρκελλος: ξυνῆν δὲ αὐτοῖς καὶ Γερμανὸς καὶ Δωρόθεος: ἐς γωνίαν δὲ τὴν ἐν δεξιᾷ ἱππεῖς ἐτάξαντο ἑξακόσιοι, ὧν Σίμμας τε καὶ Ἀσκὰν Μασσαγέται ἦρχον, ἵνα, ὅπερ εἴρηται, τῶν ἀμφὶ τὸν Ἰωάννην τρεπομένων, ἂν οὕτω τύχῃ, αὐτοὶ ἐνθένδε ἐξανιστάμενοι κατὰ νώτου τῶν Περσῶν ἴωσι.

Dewing for the extremity of the straight trench was held by a large force of horsemen, who were commanded by John, son of Nicetas, and by Cyril and Marcellus; with them also were Germanus and Dorotheus; while at the angle on the right six hundred horsemen took their stand, commanded by Simmas and Ascan, Massagetae, in order that, as has been said, in case the forces of John should by any chance be driven back, they might move out from there and attack the rear of the Persians.

Greek πανταχῆ δὲ τῆς τάφρου οἵ τε τῶν ἱππέων κατάλογοι καὶ ὁ πεζὸς στρατὸς ἵστατο. ὧν δὴ ὄπισθεν οἵ τε ἀμφὶ Βελισάριον καὶ Ἑρμογένην κατὰ μέσους εἱστήκεσαν.

Dewing Thus all along the trench stood the detachments of cavalry and the infantry. And beheld these in the middle stood the forces of Belisarius and Hermogenes.

Greek ὧδε μὲν Ῥωμαῖοι ἐς πεντακισχιλίους τε καὶ δισμυρίους ξυνιόντες ἐτάξαντο, Περσῶν δὲ ὁ στρατὸς μυριάδες μὲν τέσσαρες ἱππέων τε καὶ πεζῶν ἦσαν, ἐφεξῆς δὲ ἅπαντες μετωπηδὸν ἵσταντο, ὡς βαθύτατον τῆς φάλαγγος τὸ μέτωπον ποιησόμενοι.

Dewing Thus the Romans arrayed themselves, amounting to five-and‑twenty thousand; but the Persian army consisted of forty thousand horse and foot, and they all stood close together fa­cing the front, so as to make the front of the phalanx as deep as possible.

Greek χρόνον μὲν οὖν πολὺν μάχης ἐς ἀλλήλους οὐδέτεροι ἦρχον, ἀλλὰ θαυμάζουσί τε τὴν Ῥωμαίων εὐκοσμίαν Πέρσαι ἐῴκεσαν καὶ ὅ τι χρήσονται τοῖς παροῦσιν ἀπορουμένοις.

Dewing Then for a long time neither side began battle with the other, but the Persians seemed to be wondering at the good order of the Romans, and appeared at a loss what to do under the circumstances.

Greek Τῆς δὲ ἡμέρας ἀμφὶ δείλην ὀψίαν μοῖρά τις τῶν ἱππέων οἳ κέρας τὸ δεξιὸν εἶχον, ἀποσχισθέντες τοῦ ἄλλου στρατοῦ, τοῖς ἀμφὶ Βούζην τε καὶ Φάραν ἐπῆλθον.

Dewing In the late afternoon a certain detachment of horsemen who held the right wing, separating themselves from the rest of the army, came against the forces of Bouzes and Pharas.

Greek οἱ δὲ ὀπίσω κατὰ βραχὺ ὑπεχώρησαν. Πέρσαι δὲ αὐτοὺς οὐκ ἐδίωξαν, ἀλλ᾽ αὐτοῦ ἔμενον, κύκλωσιν, οἶμαι, πρὸς τῶν πολεμίων τινὰ δείσαντες. μετὰ δὲ Ῥωμαῖοι μὲν οἱ φυγόντες ἐκ τοῦ αἰφνιδίου πρὸς αὐτοὺς ὥρμησαν.

Dewing And the Romans retired a short distance to the rear. The Persians, however, did not pursue them, but remained there, fearing, I suppose, some victim to surround them on the part of the enemy. Then the Romans who had turned to flight suddenly rushed upon them.

Greek οἱ δὲ οὐχ ὑποστάντες τὴν ἔφοδον ὀπίσω ἀπήλαυνον ἐς τὴν φάλαγγα, καὶ αὖθις οἵ τε ἀμφὶ Βούζην καὶ Φάραν ἐν χώρᾳ τῇ οἰκείᾳ ἐτάξαντο.

Dewing And the Persians did not withstand their onset and rode back to the phalanx, and again the forces of Bouzes and Pharas stationed themselves in their own position.

Greek ἐν τούτῳ τῷ ἔργῳ Περσῶν ἑπτὰ ἔπεσον, ὧν δὴ τῶν σωμάτων Ῥωμαῖοι ἐκράτησαν, καὶ τὸ λοιπὸν ἡσυχάζοντες ἐν τάξει ἑκάτεροι ἔμενον.

Dewing In this skirmish seven of the Persians fell, and the Romans gained possession of their bodies; thereafter both armies remained quietly in position.

Greek εἷς δὲ ἀνὴρ Πέρσης νεανίας, ἄγχιστα τοῦ Ῥωμαίων στρατοῦ τὸν ἵππον ἐλάσας, προὐκαλεῖτο ἅπαντας εἴ τίς οἱ βούλοιτο ἐς χεῖρας ἰέναι.

Dewing But one Persian, a young man, riding up very close to the Roman army, began to challenge all of them, calling for whoever wished to do battle with him.

Greek καὶ τῶν μὲν ἄλλων ὑποστῆναι τὸν κίνδυνον ἐτόλμα οὐδείς, Ἀνδρέας δὲ ἦν τις ἐν τοῖς Βούζου οἰκείοις, οὐ στρατιώτης μὲν οὐδέ τι ἀσκήσας τῶν κατὰ τὸν πόλεμον πώποτε, παιδοτρίβης δὲ καὶ παλαίστρᾳ τινὶ ἐν Βυζαντίῳ ἐφεστηκώς.

Dewing And no one of the whole army dared face the danger, except a certain Andreas, one of the personal attendants of Bouzes, not a soldier nor one who had ever practised at all the business of war, but a tender of youths in charge of a certain wrestling school in Byzantium.

Greek διὸ δὴ καὶ τῷ στρατῷ εἵπετο, ἅτε τοῦ Βούζου σώματος ἐν βαλανείῳ ἐπιμελούμενος, γένος δὲ Βυζάντιος ἦν. οὗτος ἐθάρσησε μόνος, οὔτε Βούζου οὔτε ἄλλου ὁτουοῦν ἐπαγγείλαντος, αὐτόματος τῷ ἀνθρώπῳ ἐς μονομαχίαν ἐπεξιέναι. φθάσας δὲ τὸν βάρβαρον ἔτι περισκοπούμενον ὅπη ὁρμήσεται, παρὰ μαζὸν τὸν δεξιὸν τῷ δόρατι παίει.

Dewing Through this it came about that he was following the army, for he cared for the person of Bouzes in the bath; his birthplace was Byzantium. This man alone had the courage, without being ordered by Bouzes or anyone else, to go out of his own accord to meet the man in single combat. And he caught the barbarian while still considering how to deliver his attack, and hit him with his spear on the right breast.

Greek ὁ δὲ πληγὴν ἀνδρὸς ἰσχυροῦ λίαν οὐκ ἐνεγκὼν ἐκ τοῦ ἵππου ἐς ἔδαφος πίπτει. καὶ αὐτὸν Ἀνδρέας μαχαίρᾳ τινὶ βραχείᾳ ὥσπερ ἱερεῖον ὑπτίως κείμενον ἔθυσε, κραυγή τε ὑπερφυὴς ἔκ τε τοῦ περιβόλου καὶ τοῦ Ῥωμαίων στρατοπέδου ἤρθη.

Dewing And the Persian did not bear the blow delivered by a man of such exceptional strength, and fell from his horse to the earth. Then Andreas with a small knife slew him like a sacrificial animal as he lay on his back, and a mighty shout was raised both from the city wall and from the Roman army.

Greek Πέρσαι δὲ τῷ γεγονότι περιαλγήσαντες ἕτερον εἰς τὴν αὐτὴν πρᾶξιν ἱππέα καθῆκαν, ἀνδρεῖον μὲν καὶ μεγέθους σώματος πέρι εὖ ἥκοντα, οὐ νεανίαν δέ, ἀλλὰ καί τινας τῶν ἐν τῇ κεφαλῇ τριχῶν πολιὸν ὄντα.

Dewing But the Persians were deeply vexed at the outcome and sent forth another horseman for the same purpose, a manly fellow and well favoured as to bodily size, but not a young, for some of the hair on his head already shewed grey.

Greek ὃς δὴ παρὰ τὸ τῶν πολεμίων στράτευμα ἐπιών, ἐπὶ πλεῖστον δὲ τὴν μάστιγα σείων ᾗ παίειν τὸν ἵππον εἰώθει, Ῥωμαίων τὸν βουλόμενον ἐς μάχην ἐκάλει.

Dewing This horseman came up along the hostile army, and, brandishing vehemently the whip with which he was accustomed to strike his horse, he summoned to battle whoever among the Romans was willing.

Greek οὐδενὸς δέ οἱ ἐπεξιόντος, Ἀνδρέας αὖθις ἅπαντας λαθὼν ἐς μέσον ἦλθε, καίπερ αὐτῷ πρὸς τοῦ Ἑρμογένους ἀπειρημένον.

Dewing And when no one went out against him, Andreas, without attracting the notice of anyone, once more came forth, although he had been forbidden to do so by Hermogenes.

Greek ἄμφω γοῦν τοῖς δόρασιν ἐς ἀλλήλους θυμῷ πολλῷ ἐχόμενοι ὥρμησαν, καὶ τά τε δόρατα τοῖς θώραξιν ἐρεισθέντα δεινῶς ἀπεκρούσθη οἵ τε ἵπποι ἐς τὰς κεφαλὰς ἀλλήλοις συγκρούσαντες ἔπεσόν τε αὐτοὶ καὶ τοὺς ἐπιβάτας ἀπέβαλον.

Dewing So both rushed madly upon each other with their spears, and the weapons, driven against their corselets, were turned aside with mighty force, and the horses, striking together their heads, fell themselves and threw off their riders.

Greek τὼ δὲ ἄνδρε τούτω ἄγχιστά: πη πεσόντε ἀλλήλοιν ἐξανίστασθαι σπουδῇ πολλῇ ἄμφω ἠπειγέσθην, ἀλλ᾽ ὁ μὲν Πέρσης τοῦτο δρᾶν, ἅτε οἱ τοῦ μεγέθους ἀντιστατοῦντος, οὐκ εὐπετῶς εἶχεν, Ἀνδρέας δὲ προτερήσας (τοῦτο γὰρ αὐτῷ ἡ κατὰ τὴν παλαίστραν μελέτη ἐδίδοὐ τῷ τε γόνατι ἐξανιστάμενον αὐτὸν ἔτυψε καὶ αὖθις εἰς τὸ ἔδαφος πεσόντα ἔκτεινε.

Dewing And both the two men, falling very close to each other, made great haste to rise to their feet, but the Persian was not above to do this easily because his size was against him, while Andreas anticipating him (for his practice in the wrestling school gave him this advantage), smote him as he was rising on his knee, and as he fell again to the grounded dispatched him.

Greek κραυγή τε ἐκ τοῦ τείχους καὶ τοῦ Ῥωμαίων στρατοῦ οὐδέν τι ἧσσον, εἰ μὴ καὶ μᾶλλον, ἤρθη: καὶ οἱ μὲν Πέρσαι ἐς τὸ Ἀμμώδιος τὴν φάλαγγα διαλύσαντες ἀνεχώρησαν, οἱ δὲ Ῥωμαῖοι παιανίσαντες ἐντὸς τοῦ περιβόλου ἐγένοντο.

Dewing Then a roar went up from the wall and from the Roman army as great, if not greater than before; and the Persians broke their phalanx and withdrew to Ammodios, while the Romans, raising the paean, went inside the fortifications; for already it was growing dark.

Greek ἤδη γὰρ καὶ ξυνεσκόταζεν. οὕτω τε ἀμφότεροι τὴν νύκτα ἐκείνην ηὐλίσαντο.

Dewing Thus both armies passed that night.