第3巻 第1章

Greek Ὁ μὲν οὖν Μηδικὸς πόλεμος Ἰουστινιανῷ βασιλεῖ ἐς τοῦτο ἐτελεύτα· ἐγὼ δὲ ὅσα ἔς τε Βανδίλους καὶ Μαυρουσίους αὐτῷ εἴργασται φράσων ἔρχομαι. λελέξεται δὲ πρῶτον ὅθεν ὁ Βανδίλων στρατὸς τῇ Ῥωμαίων ἐπέσκηψε χώρᾳ.

Dewing Such, then,⁠ was the final outcome of the Persian War for the Emperor Justinian; and I shall now proceed to set forth all that he did against the Vandals and the Moors. But first shall be told whence came the host of the Vandals when they descended upon the land of the Romans.

Greek ἐπειδὴ Θεοδόσιος ὁ Ῥωμαίων αὐτοκράτωρ ἐξ ἀνθρώπων ἠφάνιστο, ἀνὴρ δίκαιος ἐν τοῖς μάλιστα γεγονὼς καὶ ἀγαθὸς τὰ πολέμια, διεδεξάσθην αὐτοῦ τὴν βασιλείαν ἄμφω τὼ παῖδε, Ἀρκάδιος μὲν ὁ πρεσβύτερος τὴν ἑῴαν μοῖραν, τὴν ἑσπερίαν δὲ Ὁνώριος ὁ νεώτερος.

Dewing After Theodosius, the Roman Emperor, had departed from the world, having proved himself one of the most just of men and an able warrior, his kingdom was taken over by his two sons, Arcadius, the elder, receiving the Eastern portion, and Honorius, the younger, the Western.

Greek διῄρητο δὲ ὧδε τὸ Ῥωμαίων κράτος ἄνωθεν ἀπό τε Κωνσταντίνου καὶ τῶν αὐτοῦ παίδων, ὃς τὴν βασιλείαν ἐς Βυζάντιον μεταθέμενος μείζω τε τὴν πόλιν καὶ πολλῷ ἐπιφανεστέραν καταστησάμενος ἀπ’ αὐτοῦ ἀφῆκε προσαγορεύεσθαι.

Dewing But the Roman power had been thus divided as far back as the time of Constantine and his sons; for he transferred his government to Byzantium, and making the city larger and much more renowned, allowed it to be named after him.

Greek Περιλαμβάνει μὲν κύκλῳ τὴν γῆν ὠκεανὸς ἢ ξύμπασαν ἢ τὴν πολλήν· οὐ γάρ πω σαφές τι ἀμφ’ αὐτῷ ἴσμεν· σχίζει δὲ αὐτὴν δίχα ἐς ἠπείρους δύο ἐκροή τις ἀπ’ αὐτοῦ κατὰ τὴν ἑσπέριον εἰσβάλλουσα μοῖραν καὶ ταύτην δὴ ποιουμένη τὴν θάλασσαν, ἀπὸ Γαδείρων μὲν ἀρξαμένη, ἐς αὐτὴν δὲ τὴν Μαιῶτιν διήκουσα λίμνην.

Dewing Now the earth is surrounded by a circle of ocean, either entirely or for the most part (for our knowledge is not as yet at all clear in this matter); and it is split into two continents by a sort of outflow from the ocean, a flow which enters at the western part and forms this Sea which we know, beginning at Gadira⁠ and extending all the way to the Maeotic Lake.⁠

Greek ταύταιν ταῖν ἠπείροιν ἁτέρα μὲν ἐν δεξιᾷ εἰσπλέοντι τὴν θάλασσαν μέχρι καὶ ἐς τὴν λίμνην Ἀσία κέκληται, ἀπό τε Γαδείρων καὶ τῆς ἑτέρας τῶν Ἡρακλέους στηλῶν.

Dewing Of these two continents the one to the right, as one sails into the Sea, as far as the Lake, has received the name of Asia, beginning at Gadira and at the southern⁠ of the two Pillars of Heracles.

Greek Σέπτον καλοῦσι τὸ ἐκείνῃ φρούριον οἱ ἐπιχώριοι, λόφων τινῶν ἑπτὰ φαινομένων ἐνταῦθα· τὸ γὰρ σέπτον ἑπτὰ τῇ Λατίνων φωνῇ δύναται.

Dewing Septem⁠ is the name given by the natives to the fort at that point, since seven hills appear there; for "Septem" has the force of "seven" in the Latin tongue.

Greek ἡ δὲ ἀντιπέρας αὐτῇ ξύμπασα Εὐρώπη ἐκλήθη. καὶ ὁ μὲν ταύτῃ πορθμὸς τέτταρσι καὶ ὀγδοήκοντα σταδίοις μάλιστα ἤπειρον ἑκατέραν διείργει, τὸ δὲ ἐντεῦθεν πελάγεσι μεγάλοις ἀλλήλαιν διέχετον μέχρις Ἑλλησπόντου.

Dewing And the whole continent opposite this was named Europe. And the strait at that point separates the two continents⁠ by about eighty-four stades, but from there on they are kept apart by wide expanses of sea as far as the Hellespont.

Greek ταύτῃ γὰρ ξυνίασιν αὖθις ἀμφὶ Σηστόν τε καὶ Ἄβυδον, καὶ πάλιν ἔν τε Βυζαντίῳ καὶ Καλχηδόνι μέχρι τῶν πάλαι Κυανέων λεγομένων πετρῶν, οὗ καὶ νῦν Ἱερὸν ὀνομάζεται. ἐν τούτοις γὰρ δὴ τοῖς χωρίοις μέτρῳ δέκα σταδίων τε καὶ τούτου ἐλάσσονι διείργεσθον ἀλλήλαιν.

Dewing For at this point they again approach each other at Sestus and Abydus, and once more at Byzantium and Chalcedon as far as the rocks called in ancient times the "Dark Blue Rocks," where even now is the place called Hieron. For at these places the continents are separated from one another by a distance of only ten stades and even less than that.

Greek Ἀπὸ δὲ τῆς ἑτέρας τῶν Ἡρακλέους στηλῶν μέχρι ἐς τὴν ἑτέραν διὰ τῆς ἠιόνος ἰόντι καὶ οὐ περιερχομένῳ κόλπον τε τὸν Ἰόνιον καὶ τὸν Εὔξεινον καλούμενον Πόντον, ἀλλ’ ἔκ τε Καλχηδόνος ἐς Βυζάντιον ἔκ τε Δρυοῦντος ἐς ἤπειρον τὴν ἀντιπέρας καταίροντι, πέντε καὶ ὀγδοήκοντα καὶ διακοσίων ὁδὸς ἡμερῶν ἐστιν εὐζώνῳ ἀνδρί.

Dewing Now the distance from one of the Pillars of Heracles to the other, if one goes along the shore and does not pass around the Ionian Gulf and the sea called the Euxine but crosses from Chalcedon⁠ to Byzantium and from Dryous⁠ to the opposite mainland, is a journey of two hundred and eighty-five days for an unencumbered traveller.

Greek τὰ γὰρ ἀμφὶ τὸν Εὔξεινον Πόντον, ὃς ἐκ Βυζαντίου χωρεῖ εἰς τὴν λίμνην, ἅπαντα ἀκριβολογεῖσθαι ἀμήχανα ἦν, βαρβάρων τῶν ὑπὲρ ποταμὸν Ἴστρον, ὃν καὶ Δανούβιον καλοῦσι, Ῥωμαίοις βατὴν ἥκιστα ποιουμένων τὴν ἐκείνῃ ἀκτήν, πλήν γε δὴ ὅτι ἐκ Βυζαντίου μὲν ἐς τὰς τοῦ Ἴστρου ἐκβολὰς ἡμερῶν ἐστιν ὁδὸς δύο καὶ εἴκοσιν, ἅσπερ τῇ Εὐρώπῃ λογιζομένους ἐντιθέναι προσήκει.

Dewing For as to the land about the Euxine Sea, which extends from Byzantium to the Lake, it would be impossible to tell everything with precision, since the barbarians beyond the Ister River, which they also call the Danube, make the shore of that sea quite impossible for the Romans to traverse — except, indeed, that from Byzantium to the mouth of the Ister is a journey of twenty‑two days, which should be added to the measure of Europe by one making the computation.

Greek κατὰ δὲ τὴν τῆς Ἀσίας μοῖραν, εἴη δ’ ἂν ἐκ Καλχηδόνος ἐς ποταμὸν Φᾶσιν, ὃς ῥέων ἐκ Κόλχων κάτεισιν ἐς τὸν Πόντον, ἀνύεται τεσσαράκοντα ὁδὸς ἡμερῶν.

Dewing And on the Asiatic side, that is from Chalcedon to the Phasis River, which, flowing from the country of the Colchians, descends into the Pontus, the journey is accomplished in forty days.

Greek ὥστε ξύμπασα ἡ Ῥωμαίων ἐπικράτεια κατά γε τὴν ἐπὶ θαλάσσῃ ὁδὸν ἐς ἑπτὰ καὶ τεσσαράκοντα καὶ τριακοσίων ἡμερῶν ξύνεισι μέτρον, ἤν τις, ὅπερ εἴρηται, τὸν Ἰόνιον κόλπον ἐς ὀκτακοσίους μάλιστα διήκοντα σταδίους ἐκ Δρυοῦντος διαπορθμεύηται.

Dewing So that the whole Roman domain, according to the distance along the sea at least, attains the measure of a three hundred and forty-seven days' journey, if, as has been said, one ferries over the Ionian Gulf, which extends about eight hundred stades from Dryous.

Greek ἡ γὰρ τοῦ κόλπου πάροδος ἐς ὁδὸν ἡμερῶν διήκει οὐχ ἧσσον ἢ τεσσάρων. τοσαύτη μὲν ἡ Ῥωμαίων ἀρχὴ κατά γε τὸν παλαιὸν ἐγένετο χρόνον.

Dewing For the passage across the gulf⁠ amounts to a journey of not less than four days.⁠ Such, then, was the size of the Roman empire in the ancient times.

Greek Ἐπέβαλλε δὲ τῷ μὲν τὸ τῆς ἑσπερίας ἔχοντι κράτος Λιβύης τὰ πλεῖστα διήκοντα ἐς ἐνενήκοντα ὁδὸν ἡμερῶν· τοσοῦτον γὰρ τὸ ἐκ Γαδείρων ἐς τὰ ὅρια τῆς ἐν Λιβύῃ Τριπόλεώς ἐστιν· ἐν δὲ δὴ τῇ Εὐρώπῃ πέντε καὶ ἑβδομήκοντα ὁδὸν ἡμερῶν ἔλαχε·

Dewing And there fell to him who held the power in the West the most of Libya, extending ninety days' journey — for such is the distance from Gadira to the boundaries of Tripolis in Libya; and in Europe he received as his portion territory extending seventy-five days' journey —

Greek τοσαύτη γὰρ ἡ ἐκ τῆς ἑτέρας τῶν Ἡρακλεους στηλῶν ἐς κόλπον τὸν Ἰόνιον τυγχάνει οὖσα. προσθείη δὲ ἄν τις καὶ τὴν τοῦ κόλπου περίοδον.

Dewing for such is the distance from the northern⁠ of the Pillars of Heracles to the Ionian Gulf.⁠ And one might add also the distance around the gulf.

Greek βασιλεὺς δὲ ὁ τῆς ἕω ἡμερῶν εἴκοσι καὶ ἑκατὸν ὁδὸν ἐκληρώσατο ἐκ τῶν Κυρήνης ὁρίων τῆς ἐν Λιβύῃ μέχρι Ἐπιδάμνου, ἣ πρὸς αὐτῷ κεῖται τῷ Ἰονίῳ κόλπῳ, Δυρράχιον τανῦν καλουμένη, καὶ ὅση ἀμφὶ τὸν Εὔξεινον Πόντον, ὡς ἔμπροσθεν εἴρηται, ὑπὸ Ῥωμαίοις ἐστί.

Dewing And the emperor of the East received territory extending one hundred and twenty days' journey, from the boundaries of Cyrene in Libya as far as Epidamnus, which lies on the Ionian Gulf and is called at the present time Dyrrachium, as well as that portion of the country about the Euxine Sea which, as previously stated, is subject to the Romans.

Greek μιᾶς δὲ ἡμέρας ὁδὸς ἐς δέκα καὶ διακοσίους διήκει σταδίους, ὅσον Ἀθήνηθεν Μέγαράδε ἰέναι. οὕτω μὲν ἤπειρον ἑκατέραν οἱ Ῥωμαίων αὐτοκράτορες διείλοντο σφίσι.

Dewing Now one day's journey extends two hundred and ten stades,⁠ or as far as from Athens to Megara. Thus, then, the Roman emperors divided either continent between them.

Greek τῶν δὲ δὴ νήσων Βρεττανία μέν, ἡ ἐκτὸς στηλῶν τῶν Ἡρακλείων νήσων πασῶν μεγίστη παρὰ πολὺ οὖσα, μετὰ τῆς ἑσπερίας, ὥς γε τὸ εἰκός, ἐτάττετο μοίρας· ἐντὸς δὲ αὐτῶν Ἔβουσα, ὥσπερ ἐν Προποντίδι τῇ μετὰ τὴν ὠκεανοῦ ἐσβολὴν ἐν θαλάσσῃ κειμένη, ἐς ἑπτὰ ἡμερῶν ὁδὸν μάλιστα διήκουσα, καὶ δύο ἀμφ’ αὐτὴν ἕτεραι, Μαϊορίκα τε καὶ Μινορίκα ἐπιχωρίως καλούμεναι.

Dewing And among the islands Britain, which is outside the Pillars of Heracles and by far the largest of all islands, was counted, as is natural, with the West; and inside the Pillars, Ebusa,⁠ which lies in the Mediterranean in what we may call the Propontis, just inside the opening where the ocean enters, about seven days' journey from the opening, and two others near it, Majorica and Minorica, as they are called by the natives, were also assigned to the Western empire.

Greek τῶν δὲ κατὰ θάλασσαν νήσων ἑκάστη θατέρῳ τοῖν βασιλέοιν ἐπέβαλεν, ὡς αὐτῇ ἐντός που τῶν ἐκείνου ὁρίων ξυνέβαινε κεῖσθαι.

Dewing And each of the islands in the Sea itself fell to the share of that one of the two emperors within whose boundaries it happened to lie.